Phytorid Technology

Decentralised & Ecosystem Based approach

By-Nitin KumarBatch C22013UCE1333

To-Dr. A.B. GuptaProf. MNIT Jaipur

Schematic representation of centralised, combined and decentralised

wastewater management system

Paradigm Shift in Technological Solution

Command & Control approach Ecosystem Based approach

Challenges in conventional treatment

Conventional TreatmentRemove: TSS

Treats: Bio-oxidationNO N, P removal

mechanism

Eutrophication due to N, P• High maintenance in

terms of cost and energy

• Can not down-scale• Failure due to aerators• Sludge disposal• Skilled manpower

Sewage

PHYTORID TECHNOLOGYRe-engineered advanced wetland technology

Subsurface mixed flow constructed wetland system (SSFCW)

Combines physical, biological and chemical processes

Developed by NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute)

Internationally patented technology

Included in National Environmental Policy

Proposed for smart cities

Components of PHYTORID system

ProcessesSedimentation Bacterial action Filtration Adsorption Decomposition Nutrient uptake Vegetation system

Phytorid bed

Treated water storage

Sewage collection tank

Settler/screen

Various Plant Types Used

•The system is based on the specific plants such as Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpurem), Cattails (Typha spp.), Reeds (Phragmites spp.), Cannas pp., Yellow flag iris (Iris pseudocorus) normally found in natural wetlands with filtration and treatment capability.

•Ornamental as well as flowering plants species such a Golden Dhuranda, Bamboo, Nerium, Colosia, etc. can also be used for treatment as well as landscaping purposes.

Comparison of Conventional Reed Bed and PHYTORID

Conventional Reed Bed Phytorid Technology

Either vertical or horizontal flow Better hydraulics with mixed flow, advantage for better oxygen mixing

Only reed species are used for uptake of nutrients and treatment

Combinations of several plant species makes it tailor made wastewater treatment. Also the plant species are local ones

Root mass is detached after full growth and spoils the water quality after deterioration

No such root mass detachment and hence no fouling

May require larger area as shallow beds Can be designed for smaller area

Performance of PHYTORID for urban waste Pollutant

Parameter Performance (% removal)1. Total suspended solids 85 – 952. Biochemical oxygen demand 80 – 903. Chemical oxygen demand 80 – 954. Total nitrogen 60 – 805. Phosphate 60 – 806. Fecal coliform >99

Treated water quality meets the specifiednorms of CPCB for water reuse

Parameter Inlet sewage quality

Treated water quality

Standards for inland surface water

Standards Land Irrigation

pH 7.1 to 7.5 7.2 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)

40 to 130 <5 30 100

Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)

130 to 350 < 12-18 250 Not Specified

Total Suspended solids (mg/L)

80 to 90 < 15 100 200

Fecal Coli Farm (MNP/100ml)

106 to 107 <20 --- ---

Nitrogen (mg/L) 10 to 50 4-5 5 Not Specified

Phosphate (mg/L) 10 to 50 1-4 5 Not Specified

Performance of PHYTORID for Sewage typical results

Cost ComparisonPARTICULARS NAME OF TECHNOLOGY

ASP MBBR SBR UASB+EA MBR WSP PHYTORID

AREA REQ . SQMT/MLD 1000 550 550 1100 450 6100 580-1000CAPITAL COST 108 108 115 108 300 63 110CIVIL COST (% OF CAPITAL COST) 60 40 30 65 20 90 80Biomedia/Plantation - - - - - - 19E&M WORK (%OF TOTAL CAPITAL COST) 40 60 70 35 80 10 1

OPERATION& MAINTANEOUS COST YEARLY POWER COST (LACS/MLD) 4.07 4.9 3.37 2.75 6.65 0.5 0.5

ANNUAL REPAIR COST (LACS/MLD) 2.38 1.94 1.84 2.48 1.76 0.1CHEMICAL COST LACS/MLD 5.3 5.3 3.3 6.3 7.2 0MANPOWER COST LACS/P.A. 12 12 12 12 12 12 2.5

TOTAL O& M COST PER YEAR 23.75 24.14 20.51 23.53 18.65 21.45 3.1

ASP: -ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSMBBR:-MOVING BED BIOLOGICAL REACTORSBR:- SEQUINTIAL BATCH REACTORWSP:- WAST STABILIZATION PONDMBR:- MEMBRANE BIO REACTORUASB+EA:-UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET+EXTENDED AREATION

ADVANTAGES• Cost-effective• O&M expenses are negligible• Self sustainable unit• Facilitates recycle and reuse of water

• (reuse of grey water upto 95%)• No foul odor and no mosquito nuisance• Aesthetically designed• Easy to maintain & skilled manpower not required• Also suitable for rural areas• Tolerates fluctuations in operating conditions such as flow,

temperature and pH

Phytorid system is useful for treatment of waste water in following:

▪ Domestic wastewater (including decentralized Municipal waste water treatment)

➢ Colonies, Airports, Commercial complexes, Hotels➢ Open drainage➢ Cleaning of nallah water

▪ Agricultural wastewater▪ Dairy waste▪ Slaughter House Waste▪ Pre treated industrial wastewater, Sugar Industries▪ Lake restoration

Applications

PHYTORID system in dwellings

Clear Water !!!

Phytorid system: 1.2MLD

Lake Treatment

Peripheral Phytorid

FloatingPhytorid

Contaminated

Treated

Phytorid for nallah water treatment

PHYTORID for nallah water treatment

References:

• Rajesh B. Biniwale, ‘Decentralised wastewater treatment including reuse and recycle – role of constructed wetlands’ NEERI- Mumbai

• Sanjay Murlidhar Karodpati, Alka Sunil Kote, ‘Energy-efficient and cost-effective sewage treatment using Phytorid Technology’ ISSN: 2231 –5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013

• Decentralised Wastewater Treatment and Reuse : Centre for Science and Environment, March 2014

• Technological Options for Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural Areas: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Govt. of India, April 2015