DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGRAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

A PRESENTATION

ONRAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION, RAWATBHATA

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF

INDIA LTD.

Submitted To:Dr. Dinesh Birla(Professor)Ashok kumar sharma(Associate Professor)

Submitted By:Abhishek malav(13/005)7-SEM(EE-1)

Rawatbhata remote town in Chittorgarh district about

64 kMs, from Kota, an industrial city of Rajasthan.

The land selected is in near Rana Pratap Sagar Dam at

the right bank of Chambal River.

The water from the reservoir of the Rana Pratap Sagar

Dam serves the requirements of the Nuclear Power

Plants.

introduction

UNIT

REACTOR TYPE Capacity (MW)

Date of Commercial

Ops1 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor

(PHWR)100 December 16,

19732 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor

(PHWR)200 April 1, 1981

3 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

220 June 1, 2000

4 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

220 December 23, 2000

5 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

220 February 4, 2010

6 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

220 March 31, 2010

7 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

750

8 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)

750

INDIA’S INSTALLED CAPACITY & % SHARE BY VARIOUS SOURCES

Present Capacity 2,67,600 MWThermal 71% Coal-62%

Gas-8.5% Diesel-0.5%

Hydro 15.5%Wind / Renewable 11.5%Nuclear 2% Co

al62%

Hydro15.5%

Wind/ Renewable11.5%

Gas+Diesel9%

Nuclear2%

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd

• 1 Kg of fire wood 1 KWh electricity

• 1 Kg of coal 3 KWh electricity

• 1 Kg of oil 4 KWh electricity

• 1 Kg of Nat. U 50,000 KWh electricity

• 1 Kg of Pu 60,000,000 KWh electricity

3. NUCLEAR FUEL

5

1000 Watt * 1 Hr = 1 KWh = 1 Unit

WHY SHOULD WE USE NUCLEAR ENERGY GENERATION?

Comparison of Fuel required to generate 1 MU electricity

kg)

~Two Fuel Bundle (27 Kg) ~700 Tones Coal

RAWATBHATA (RAJ)

TARAPUR (MAH)

KAKRAPAR (GUJ)2x 220 MWe

KAIGA (KAR)

KALPAKKAM (TN)

KUDANKULAM (TN)2x 1000 MWe

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

2x 220 MWe 500 MWe (PFBR)

~ 800 Kms

Coal Fields

NARORA (UP)

2x 220 MWe

2x 540 MWe

2x 160 MWe

4560 MWe - 5520MWe -

17 PHWR & 2 BWR5 PHWR, 2 LWR, 1 PFBR

1x 200 MWe 2x 220 MWe 2x 220 MWe

1x 220 MWe

2x 220 MWe1x 220 MWe

2 x 700 MWe

2 x 700 MWe

1x 100 MWe

U23592n 1

0

The Fission ProcessA neutron travels at high speed towards a uranium-235 nucleus.

U23592n 1

0

The neutron strikes the nucleus which then captures the neutron.

The Fission Process

U23692

The nucleus changes from being uranium-235 to uranium-236 as it has captured a neutron.

The Fission Process

The uranium-236 nucleus formed is very unstable. It transforms into an elongated shape for a short time.

The Fission Process

It then splits into 2 fission fragments and releases neutrons.

The Fission Process

14156Ba

9236Kr

n 1 0

n 1 0

n 1 0

PHWR Schematic Flow Diagram

PHWR Schematic

BWR Animation

MAIN PARTS OF NPP 1. Nuclear Reactor

2. Turbine

3. Steam generator

4. Coolant assembly

5. End shield

6. Cooling Tower 7. condenser

8. Fuel bundel 9. Calandria

NUCLEAR REACTOR A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.

Reactor Building

Structural Wall

Inner Containment Wall

Primary Containment WallFast Acting Two

Independent Shut-Down Systems.

Secondary Containment Wall

Steam Generator

PHT

Fast Acting Two Independent Shut-Down Systems.

CALANDRIAIt is made of Stainless Steel.

It is the heart of reactor and forms the core of reactor.

It contains fuels and moderators.

It has 306 horizontal calandria tubes .

Calandria tubes are made up of Nickel-free-Zircalloy.

It is the heart of reactor and forms the Core of reactor. It consists of:-

Nuclear FuelControl RodsPressure TubesModerator

CALANDRIA

FUEL BUNDLE

Zircaloy End Plate

UO2 Pellets

Zircaloy Tube

FUEL BUNDEL19 PENCIL in BUNDLE

UO2 URANIUM OXIDE PELLET

ZIRCALOY TUBE

ZIRCALOY END PLATE

24 PELLETs IN PENCIL

FUEL BUNDLE CONSTRUCTION

PHWR SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM

Why PHWR is chosen ?? Helps to cut heavy investment on enrichment

Lowest Uranium requirement & highest Plutonium production

Infrastructure available is suitable for India

PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM(PHT)

• It circulates pressurized coolant through the fuel channels to remove the heat generated in fuel.

FUELING SYSTEM

• Two fueling machines in conjunction, one each at the ends of the Reactor, carry out on-power refueling.

• New fuel bundles are inserted by one of the fueling machine at one end of the reactor while the other machine at the other end receives the spent fuel bundles.

• It is used to convert water into steam from heat generated in nuclear reactor.

• Steam contains more kinetic energy than liquid. That’s why we use steam instead of liquid water.

• The boiler assemblies contain 10-u shaped shell & tube heat exchangers, connected in parallel.

STEAM GENERATOR

It converts the kinetic energy of steam into mechanical energy.

In R.A.P.S. impulse turbine is used which runs at 3000 R.P.M.

TURBINE

It is used to convert the mechanical output of turbine into electrical output.

It is connected to turbine by means of a shaft, which provides the output of turbine to the generator.

Here we run the generator at a rotation speed of 3000 RPM.

The generator is rated 264 MVA, 16.5KV, 0.9PF.

supplied by Alstom and BHEL.

GENERATOR

COOLING TOWERS

It consists of a shell and is open at top and bottom.

Purpose is to bring down the temperature of light water.

There are two types of cooling towers:-

(1) Natural Draft Cooling Tower (NDCT)

(2) Induced Draft Cooling Tower (IDCT)

IDCT

NDCT

N.D.C.T.

I.D.C.T.

Condenser is a device or unit which is used to condense vapor into liquid.

The objectives of the condenser are to reduce the turbine exhaust pressure , to increase the efficiency and to recover high quality feed water in the form of condensate & feed it back to the steam generator without any further treatment.

CONDENSER

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Environmental Survey Lab started functioning in the site prior to

commencement of operation of NPP.Samples of water, vegetation are periodically analyzed.No change is observed from the levels persisted earlier to plant

operation.Abundant numbers of fishes are found in RPS lake.Many fruit bearing trees are seen around NPP site.

SAMPLING IN PROGRESS

Waste Management System

SPENT FUEL POOL

Contamination Monitors

35Portal Monitors

External Dosimeters( Beta, Gamma & Neutron)

Personal Alarming Dosimeters

TLD

Direct Reading Dosimeter

ADVANTAGES Nuclear power plants need less fuel. Nuclear power plants need less area. The operating cost is low. The efficiency is high compared to other. They also produce valuable fissile material. There are large deposits of nuclear fuel

available all over the world.

DISADVANTAGES The initial capital cost is very high. Nuclear explosions produce radiation. The fuel used is expensive and difficult to

recover. The disposal of the products, which are

radio-active, is a big problem. The cooling water requirements of a

nuclear power plant are very heavy.

THANK YOU