1. GPRSGENERAL RADIO PACKETSERVICE PERSENTATION BYSUMIT SINGHB.E 2nd YEAR CSE

2. General Packet Radio Service is a radio technology forGSM networks that adds packet-switching protocols,shorter set-up time for ISP(Internet service protocol)connections, and offer the possibility to charge by amountof data sent rather than connect time. GPRS promises to support flexible data transmission ratestypically up to 20 or 30 Kbps (with a theoretical maximumof 171.2 Kbps), as well as continuous connection to thenetwork. A 2.5G enhancement to GSM, GPRS is the most significantstep towards 3G, needing similar business model, andservice and network architectures. 3. Introduction (1/3) The General Packet Radio System (GPRS) is a newservice that provides actual packet radio access formobile Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)and time-division multiple access (TDMA) users. The main benefits of GPRS are that it reserves radioresources only when there is data to send and it reducesreliance on traditional circuit-switched networkelements. The increased functionality of GPRS will decrease theincremental cost to provide data services, an occurrencethat will, in turn, increase the penetration of dataservices among consumer and business users. 4. Introduction (2/3) In addition, GPRS will allow improved quality of dataservices as measured in terms of reliability, responsetime, and features supported. The unique applications that will be developed withGPRS will appeal to a broad base of mobile subscribersand allow operators to differentiate their services. Thesenew services will increase capacity requirements on theradio and base-station subsystem resources. One method GPRS uses to alleviate the capacity impactsis sharing the same radio resource among all mobilestations in a cell, providing effective use of the scarceresources. 5. Introduction (3/3) In addition to providing new services for todays mobileuser, GPRS is important as a migration step toward third-generation (3G) networks. GPRS will allow network operators to implement an IP-based core architecture for data applications, which willcontinue to be used and expanded upon for 3G servicesfor integrated voice and data applications. In addition, GPRS will prove a testing and developmentarea for new services and applications, which will also beused in the development of 3G services. 6. How GPRS works (1/2) To lessen the impact of the delay in implementing 3rdgeneration wireless systems, General Packet RadioService (GPRS) is being introduced as an intermediatestep to efficiently transport high-speed data over thecurrent Global Systems for Mobile Communications(GSM) and TDMA-based wireless networkinfrastructures. GPRS signaling and data traffic do not travel through theGSM network. The GSM network is only used for tablelook up, in the Location Register data bases, to obtainGPRS user profile data. GPRS uses 1 to 8 radio channeltimeslots which can be shared by multiple users. 7. How GPRS works (2/2) It packetizes the user data and transports it over Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN) using an IP backbone. From there, it interfaces to other Public Data Networks (PDNs), including the Internet. As a result, GPRS has the ability to offer speeds of 14,400 bps to 115,000 bps, which allow for comfortable Internet access using wireless devices. Because GPRS has a range of supported bandwidths, it allows for short "bursty" traffic, such as e-mail and web browsing, as well as large volumes of data. In addition, because GPRS supports Quality of Service, service providers can offer selective services to users. Finally, because GPRS has fast connection setup, the user has the perception of being "always on" for continuous operation. 8. Network Elements in GPRS Intra-PLMN backbone: an IP based network inter-connecting all the GPRS elements Charging Gateway (CG) Legal Interception Gateway (LIG) Domain Name System (DNS) Firewalls: Used for security reasons wherever aconnection to an external network is required. 9. GPRS NetworkInternetGSM NetworkWith GPRSCapabilityMSX.25 Network 10. GPRS ArchitecturePSTN MSC Intranet GPRS GGSN BSC PCU NetworkSGSN GGSNMS Internet Radius Charging WAP Server Gateway ServerMediation Billing 11. GPRS Components To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDNand the wireless networks (GSM or TDMA), twonew major components are required. These components are called GPRS SupportNodes. There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 12. GPRS Architecture 13. Serving GPRS Support Node(SGSN) Service access point for the mobile station Main functions Mobility management Registration Authentication 14. Serving GPRS Support Node(SGSN) Interacts with the mobile for packet data flow And related functions like compression andciphering Protocols like SNDCP(Sub-network dependentconvergence protocol) and LLC(logical linkcontrol) GTP(Gateway tunneling protocol for GTPtunneling to other support nodes 15. Serving GPRS Support Node(SGSN) An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stationswithin its service area. SGSNs send queries toHome Location Registers (HLRs) to obtainprofile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in agiven service area; and, finally, SGSNs processregistration of new mobile subscribers and keepa record of their location inside a given servicearea. 16. Gateway GPRS Support Node(GGSN) GGSN connected to SGSN on one side and tooutside world external networks such as Internetand X.25 A gateway it functions as a wall for theseexternal networks to protect the GPRS network Data form external network, after verification ofaddress forwarded to the SGSN Routes packets received from the mobile to thecorrect network. Acts as a router 17. Gateway GPRS Support Node(GGSN) GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs.GGSNs maintain routing information that isnecessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units(PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particularmobile stations. Other functions include network and subscriberscreening and address mapping. One or moreGGSNs may support multiple SGSNs. 18. GPRS Network Enhancements In addition to the new GPRScomponents, existing GSM and TDMA networkelements must also be enhanced in order tosupport GPRS. The following two pieces of equipment must beenhanced: Base Station System (BSS): must be enhanced torecognize and send user data to the SGSN that isserving the area. Home Location Register (HLR): must be enhanced toregister GPRS user profiles and respond to queriesoriginating from SGSNs regarding these profiles. 19. Border Gateway Interconnects differentGPRS operators backbones Facilitates GPRS roaming Uses standard IP routertechnology 20. Legal Interception Gateway For use of the legal authorities Subscriber data and signaling can be intercepted 21. Use of IP In GPRS 22. Domain Name System Translation of the IP hostnames to IP addresses SGSN uses DNS to get GGSNand SGSN IP addresses 23. Packet Control Unit New card implanted in the BSC tomanage GPRS traffic Limitation in terms of the numberof transceivers and base stationsit can handle 24. GPRS Mobile Station Able to handle packet data Three classes Class A: connected to both GSM andGPRS networks and can use themsimultaneously Class B: Connected to both thenetworks, but can use only one at a time Class C: can be connected to either oneof the networks 25. Interfaces in the GPRSnetwork New interfaces. All of them known asG interfaces Gb: BSS and SGSN carries traffic andsignaling information between BSS ofGSM and GPRS Gn: SGSN and SGSN/GGSN of samenetwork. Data and signaling of forintra-system functioning 26. Interfaces in the GPRSnetwork Gd: SMS-GSMC/SMS-IWMSC andSGSN for better use of SMS services Gp: between SGSN and GGSN ofother public land mobile networks.Interface between two GPRSnetworks. Security and routing 27. Interfaces in the GPRSnetwork Gs: SGSN and MSC/VLR. Locationdata handling and paging requeststhrough the MSC. Gr: SGSN and HLR. Subscriber datacan be accessed by the SGSN fromthe HLR 28. Interfaces in the GPRSnetwork Gf: SGSN and EIR. Equipmentinformation in EIR to SGSN Gi: GGSN and external networks. Nota standard interface. Depends on thetype of network that is beingconnected to the GPRS network 29. Logical channels PBCCH: Packet Broadcast Control Channel(DL) Broadcast system information specific to packet data PCCCH; Packet Common Control Channel Contains logical channels for common control signaling 30. Logical channels PDTCH: Packet Data Traffic Channel Channel temporarily used for data transfer PACCH: Packet Associated Control Channel Used for signaling information transfer for a given mobile 31. Logical channels PAGCH: Packet Access Grant Channel(DL) Notifies that mobile about resource assignment before actual packet transfer PNCH: Packet Notification Channel(DL) Used for sending information to multiple mobile stations 32. Logical channels PPCH: Packet Paging Channel(DL) Pages a mobile station before packet transferbegins PRACH: Packet random Access Channel(UL) Used by the mobile station for initialization ofthe uplink packet transfer 33. Coding SchemesCoding schemes Data Rates Data Rates KbpsKbps(excl header)CS1( half rate9.058covolutioncoding for FEC)CS213.4 12CS315.6 14.4CS4 ( no 21.4 20coding) 34. Radio Resource and mobilityManagement GSM Idle Dedicated GPRS Idle Standby Ready 35. Key drivers for operators Increased revenues by moving in to themobile data market Gain new subscribers requiring the dataservices without investing in to PCs to gaininternet access Retain current subscribers by offering newservices Reduce costs due to efficient use ofnetwork resources Easier migration to 3G 36. Evolution from GSM to 3G 3GEDGE GPRS 2.5G HSCSD GSM2G 37. EDGEEnhanced Data for GSMEvolution Next step towards 3G for GSM/GPRS Networks Increased data rate up to 384 Kbps by bundling up to 8channels with 48 Kbps/channel GPRS is based on modulation technique known as GMSK EDGE is based on a new modulation scheme that allowsa much higher bit rate across the air-interface called8PSK modulation. Since 8PSK will be used for UMTS, network operatorswill be required to introduce this at some stage beforemigration to 3G. 38. Wireless data communicationKey Technologies - GPRS Higher data transfer speeds Multislot MS and coding schemes Packet switched technology Radio interface (resource sharing) Core Network (IP based) Reused radio network (BTS and BSC) New core network and nodes (SGSN/GGSN) Always connected - always on-line 39. Connecting GPRS NodesSMS Corporate HLR GW-MSCMSC/VLRGrExternal BTS Gs Gd BSCIP networkSS7 BTS Gi NetworkIP NetworkRouter Frame(sharedbackbone) Gn BTS Relay Gb BSC Network Gi Firewall Network FirewallRouter BTSExternalFirewallIP network Network Management and GPRS Services LAN GpOtherPLMNs ISP/Internet 40. Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN Ciphering, authentication Mobility management Session management Logical link management towards the MS Charging data Packet routing & transfer Connection - HLR, MSC, BSC and SMS-MSCIPNetworkGi (IP)SGSNGn GGSNMS 41. Gateway GPRS Support Node GGSN External interfaces (Mobile IP applications, Internet/Intranets) Access functionality Traditional gateway functionality Subscriber addresses publish RoutingIP Charging data NetworkGi (IP)GGSN MS 42. MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING OVERVIEW 43 43. WHAT IS MMS?PersonPerson Content Person OperatorOperator Information EntertainmentPersonal Communication NewsMusic Sending photos SportsQuiz shows Greetings Weather Comic strips Mobile postcards Stock updates Voice messages Cartoons Travel Exchanging icons, 44. Multimedia Messaging - Anycombination of media types MusicImages GraphicsVideoandAudio 45. rich content to encourage usageCartoons, Dating, Pop stars, Sports stars, Pets,Special occasions, Hobbies, Sports results, TV programmes,News, Weather, Holidays, Timetables, Family... 46. Content & ApplicationFun: Cartoon of the day, Cocktail recipes, Daily Horoscope,Games: Puzzles & Riddles, Cutenclever, Friends, PopQuiz,Photo & Film: Photo Gallery, Mobile Greeting Card,Chat & date: Mobile Chat, Love Horoscope, Love MatcherMusic: Karaoke, Fan Packages, Hit Lists, Music News 47. The Greeting Card solution: Send Messages to your friends, familyand loved ones:- Via the web to the mobile phone Ease of use self instructing -Drag n drop Animations, Sounds, Pictures & Text 48. Infra SoulMobile SpiritualityFeatures : Product delivers Bhagavad-Gita/Quran /Bible verse as MMS MMS Bhagavad-Gita /Quran /Bibleverse contains calligraphicimage, melody reading out theverse, with the meaning andnecessary text supporting it One time subscriber registrationthrough the web 49. Content Based Conversion example Different processing for text and drawingNaive TranscodingOptimalAdaptationMaintain Text 50. Mobile Applications 51. Location Based Applications 52. Location Based ServicesPositioning applicationWhere am IYellow PagesTrackingFleet managementBrand FinderGeo Coding, Content, Application Integration Positioning methods: Cell/Sector , Time of Arrival-- Network Based AGPS Terminal Based EOTD 53. Horizontal accuracy oflocation technologies UrbanTechnolog RuralSuburb SuburbanRuralUrban extrem Indoor User Commentsy Extremean extreme e No change Cell shape andunless there is possibility of incorrectCell ID 1-35 1-1050m-50m-a micro/ pico- sector decideskm1-100 Km km 1-10 km1km1kmcell accuracyCell ID Radial distance can beandNo changeimproved for range ofTimingunless there is 500m, incorrect sectorAdvance1-35 1-1050m-50m-a micro/ pico-may give possibility ofkm1-100 Km km 1-10 km 1km 1kmcellerrorMobile needs to see atEOTDleast 3 base station or50m-50- 50-100-Slightunavailable if 3 BTS150m50-150m150m 100-250m 150m300mdegradation are not availableIn-building coverage byGPSwindows but30- 50-not deep 10m10m 20m 50-150m100m100m inside Urban canyon effect 54. Traffic Information APPLICATION OVERVIEWThis service both collects and distributes traffic information.Traffic information is very important need for city dwellers.Systems can estimate traffic information by samplingmobiles in automobiles on freeways anonymously todetermine average velocity of vehicles. If this is not possiblein locataion more static information can be collected from cityauthorities. All this information is mapped and sent to mobileusers who request it. Stickiness : Daily traffic info. pushed during rushhours via SMS/MMS Most people need to know the current traffic situtionon their route. Hosting: Operator / ISP WAP/Web/MMS/SMS: 55. Positioning based information, adve rtisements... Telecom & backhand IT infrastructure makes it possible!All Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders 56. Telemetery Use of Computers in combination withtelecommunication systems Positioning system and wireless link to delivertwo way information 57. Application examples oftelemetryConvergence put to use !BillboardRemote management Vending Machines Download advertise- storage tanksment messages irrigation systemsAll Trademarks and Registered Trademarks are of respective holders 58. Vertical applicationsIts all about Imagination...M2M Operations AutomationServices M2M Vehicle Dispatch Vending Alarm & Vehicle trackingoperationsmachines supervision Electronic mapsinterconnected: Taxi Lottery Point of sales Traffic Field servicesmachines Telemetrytelematics Parcel services Automatic ticket Financial Car tolls Emergency machines servicesservices 59. NewapplicationsHelp! Im almost outof coke bottles. I dont need wires to connect anymore 60. Who are your customers?age/status?attitude?culture?interests?financial situation?location?time?behaviour/mood?