Pallantzas 20150905 see_dpass_5_pillars

EN-SEED-PHPP - 1 - 2015 IN DEPTH DETAILS : The 5 Pillars

Indepth Details : the 5 pillars

Introduction to Passive House Principles

Stefanos Pallantzas, dipl.ing., CPH Designer

Hellenic Passive House Institute


Efficiency “A Passive House is a building, for which thermal comfort (ISO 7730) can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.”

Criteria

5 Pillars

Passive House : what is all about?


It’s about Losses and Gains

Energy Balance = Transmission + Ventilation - * (Solar + IHG)

QH = QT + QV - *(QS + QI)


The Losses

Transmission Losses

Ventilation Losses

Area of thermal envelope * U-value * Temperature-correction factor * Heating

degree hours

QT = A * U * bT * Gt

Air volume * Equiv. air change * Heat cap. of air * Heating degree

hours

QV = V * nequiv. * cp * Gt


Transmission Losses

Opaque Elements Walls, Roof, Slab Transparent Elements Windows

HT = bjAjUj + bjjlj + bjj

Areas of thermal linear point

envelope thermal bridges


The Gains

Solar gains:reduction factor * g-value * window area *global irradiation

QS = r * g * A * G


The Gains

Internal Heat Gains:Length heating period * spec. Internal Heat Gains * Treated Floor Area

QI = tHeat * qi * ATFA


The Balance

Heat gains, which cannot be used


The monthly Balance

Specific Space heat demand[kWh/(m²a)

4.3 2.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 4.3 13.6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Spec

ific

Loss

es, G

ains

,He

atin

g De

man

d [k

Wh/

(m² m

onth

)]Sum Spec. Gains Solar + InternalSpec. Heat DemandSum Spec. Losses


The Game of Losses and Gains

Distribution Storage Productio

n

Connection

QS

QV

QT

Energy Demand Calculation

Final energy(Building boundary)

Primary Energy

Balance boundary for the heated volume

Transport

Conversion

Extraction

QH

QI

Useful energy (volume boundary = thermal envelope)


The Criteria

Space Heating Demand not to exceed 15kWh annually OR 10W (peak demand) per square meter of usable living spaceSpace Cooling Demandroughly matches the heat demand with an additional, climate-dependent allowance for dehumidificationPrimary Energy Demandnot to exceed 120kWh annually for all domestic applications (heating, cooling, hot water and domestic electricity) per square meter of usable living spaceAirtightnessmaximum of 0.6 air changes per hour at 50 Pascals pressure (as verified with an onsite pressure test in both pressurised and depressurized states)Thermal ComfortThermal comfort must be met for all living areas year-round with not more than 10% of the hours in any given year over 25°C*


How to achieve criteria??


The Definition

“A Passive House is a building, for which thermal comfort (ISO 7730) can be

achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for

additional recirculation of air.”


Keep in mind The high surface temperatures inside a

Passive House thanks to the high level of insulation ensure that the comfort is not restricted due to large variations in the operating

temperature asymmetric radiant temperature cold air descent

The Window-value should be so that the surface temperatures are high and no compensation of ‘cold’ window areas is required

The arrangement of the heating surfaces does not have a significant effect on the thermal comfort

The supply-air temperature is at least 16.5°C (with an efficiency of heat recovery > 75%) and therefore does not lead to discomfort.


How much heat?

How much heat can be provided by the supply air system?

W/m²10 Wh/K/m³0.33K 30m³/h/m² 30/30

)pc (ρΔ/AV pheating

:m²) 120 in persons 4 for ncalculatio (exemplary load heating possible Maximum

K 30 ΔΘ :increase etemperatur possible MaximumC 17 Θ :HR after airsupply the of eTemperaturC 50 Θ :airsupply the for limit eTemperatur

m²/P 35currentlyGermany in m²/P 30 A :occupancy Typical

value this exceed not donm³/h/Perso 30 V :airsupply the for conditionHygienic


The small loads…

Example: Room with 24 m2 living area, heating load 240 W, this can be supplied by:

Four conventional incandescent lamps (60W) One hair-dryer (minimum level) 24 m³/h supply-air introduced at 50 °C through a jet nozzle directly

below the ceiling (combination of air-heating and radiant heating) Small radiator: HxWxD 900/270/66 mm, Power approx.

240 W, with FF/RF/IT 55/45/20°CCan be placed anywhere in the room, e.g. above the door

Panel heating on the interior wall with 4 K excess temperature


The ideal solution…

TiController

Fresh airExhaust air

Extract air

Temperature sensorfor thermostat mode

in suitable reference room

Supply air heating coil

air-to-air heat exchanger


In Praxis…

fresh air

exhaust air

extract air

supply air

heat generator

cold water

hot water

hot water storage tank

HRAir-to-air plateheat exchanger

com

bust

ion

air

chim

ney

post-heater

oil tank/ deposit

optional:solar hot

water system

frost protection


The main Tools

… and You!

PHPP – Passive House Planning Package

Engineering

Pallantzas 20150905 see_dpass_5_pillars