PALLADIUM AS AN ENERGY SOURCE

*ANCIENT HISTORY

Discovered in 1803.

BY William Hyde Wollaston.

It is Platinum group metal.

Traces in Hieroglyphic.

Discovered Rhodium.

*Wollaston’s contribution

Astronomy (Dark lines in solar spectrum)

Biochemistry(Discovered Cystine, the first amino acid)

Physiology(First postulate that human hearing is

limited to certain frequencies)

Physics(Atomic theory of crystallography)

Went public about Pallladium in February 1805

*1830s and 20th century

Michalel Faradday used in fuel cell

Catalytic converter

Fuel cell

Production in 2012

4090

800

310

340

110

South AfricaRussiaNorth AmericaZimbabweOthers

Total : 5650

Numbers are in ounces

Production in 2013

4120

780

315

400

110

South AfricaRussiaNorth amercaZimbabweOthers

Total:5740

Numbers are in ounces

*Extraction

Grinding

Nickel Atmospheric leach circuit

Iron removal circuit

Nickel crystallizer

Copper dissolve autoclave

Selenium/Tellurium Removal

Copper Electro winning

Batch polish autoclave

PGM filtration

*Uses of Palladium

Palladium

Auto CatalystsElectronics

Dental ScienceJewelry

Chemical and AgricultureFood Preservation

Fuel cellPetroleum Refinery

PhotographyWater TreatmentHydrogen Purification

Medicine

*Autocatalysts

It reduces 90% of harmful gases.

It is implemented in USA, Europe,Japan

Yet to be Introduce in Brazil, India, China

*Electronics

MLCC-Multi Layer Chip Capacitor.

HIC-Hybrid Integrated Circuit.

Plating

*Fuel Cell

Uses Oxygen as Fuel.

It is supplied Externally.

They never run out.

Used in space craft.

Gives heat and pure water as byproduct.

*Medicine

In Treatment of cancer.

*Advantages

It's Light

It Has A Uniform Color

It's Durable

It's Cheap

It's Malleable

*Disadvantage

It is not popular.

It is not abundant in nature.

*References

Wollaston, W. H. (1804). “On a New Metal, Found in Crude Patina”.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 94: 419–

430. doi:10.1098/rstl.1804.0019.

Wollaston, W. H. (1805). “On the Discovery of Palladium; With

Observations on Other Substances Found with Patina”. Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal Society of London 95: 316–330.

doi:10.1098/rstl.1805.0024.

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m-investment/

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etals/palladium.aspx

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