PALLADIUM AS AN ENERGY SOURCE
*ANCIENT HISTORY
Discovered in 1803.
BY William Hyde Wollaston.
It is Platinum group metal.
Traces in Hieroglyphic.
Discovered Rhodium.
*Wollaston’s contribution
Astronomy (Dark lines in solar spectrum)
Biochemistry(Discovered Cystine, the first amino acid)
Physiology(First postulate that human hearing is
limited to certain frequencies)
Physics(Atomic theory of crystallography)
Went public about Pallladium in February 1805
*1830s and 20th century
Michalel Faradday used in fuel cell
Catalytic converter
Fuel cell
Production in 2012
4090
800
310
340
110
South AfricaRussiaNorth AmericaZimbabweOthers
Total : 5650
Numbers are in ounces
Production in 2013
4120
780
315
400
110
South AfricaRussiaNorth amercaZimbabweOthers
Total:5740
Numbers are in ounces
*Extraction
Grinding
Nickel Atmospheric leach circuit
Iron removal circuit
Nickel crystallizer
Copper dissolve autoclave
Selenium/Tellurium Removal
Copper Electro winning
Batch polish autoclave
PGM filtration
*Uses of Palladium
Palladium
Auto CatalystsElectronics
Dental ScienceJewelry
Chemical and AgricultureFood Preservation
Fuel cellPetroleum Refinery
PhotographyWater TreatmentHydrogen Purification
Medicine
*Autocatalysts
It reduces 90% of harmful gases.
It is implemented in USA, Europe,Japan
Yet to be Introduce in Brazil, India, China
*Electronics
MLCC-Multi Layer Chip Capacitor.
HIC-Hybrid Integrated Circuit.
Plating
*Fuel Cell
Uses Oxygen as Fuel.
It is supplied Externally.
They never run out.
Used in space craft.
Gives heat and pure water as byproduct.
*Medicine
In Treatment of cancer.
*Advantages
It's Light
It Has A Uniform Color
It's Durable
It's Cheap
It's Malleable
*Disadvantage
It is not popular.
It is not abundant in nature.
*References
Wollaston, W. H. (1804). “On a New Metal, Found in Crude Patina”.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 94: 419–
430. doi:10.1098/rstl.1804.0019.
Wollaston, W. H. (1805). “On the Discovery of Palladium; With
Observations on Other Substances Found with Patina”. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London 95: 316–330.
doi:10.1098/rstl.1805.0024.
http://www.ehow.com/list_6495559_benefits-palladium_.html
http://www.precious-metal.net/palladium/disadvantages-of-palladiu
m-investment/
http://www.miningoilgasjobs.com.au/mining/rocks,-metals---gems/m
etals/palladium.aspx
www.palladiuminternationalalliance.com