By:GANESH

Under Guidance of:

SANGANGOUDA PATIL

Introduction

• A system for igniting a fuel-air mixture

• Known in the field of IC engines.

• Petrol engines today use an electric spark for ignition

Spark Plug Ignition System

• Commonly referred as petrol engine systems

• Used to run on furls such as petrol, gasoline, autogas, compressed natural gas, hydrogen and nitro-methane.

Spark Plug

• Central electrode• Insulator• Gas tight seal• Metal tongue

Fuel inlet

Spark plug

Exhaust gas

Ignition

Working

• High voltage generated

• Voltage difference developed

• Gas expansion takes place

Application

Used in almost all automobiles

Used in generators

Machinery where large amount of fuel is to be burnt.

In Gas Engines

In trimmers and chain saws

Advantages

Copper and iridium spark plugs have got long life

Lower voltage is required.

Increases the engine efficiency.

Installation and maintenance cost is low.

Disadvantages

Damaged/problematic spark plug decreases efficiency.

More amount of CO2 is released.

Less efficient compared to the other.

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition System

Mixed fuel and air are compressed to the point of auto-ignition.

This exothermic reaction releases chemical energy.

Working

Mixed fuel is injected.

compressed to high enough temperature and pressure.

Advantages

HCCI provides up to a 30-percent fuel savings.

HCCI engines can operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, and most alternative fuels.

Cheaper than presently used engines.

Reduction in the CO2 and NOx content in the exhaust gas.

Lowers combustion temperature.

Dis-advantages

Higher cylinder peak pressures may damage the engine

Auto-ignition is difficult to control

HCCI Engines have a smaller power range

Spark Igniter Vs. HCCI Igniter

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

THERMAL Efficiency CO2 CONTENT

Spark Igniter

HCCI Igniter

Laser Igniter

Lasers are monochromaticonly one wavelength and one direction.

Working

All starts with the electrons

Electron releases energy

By having:- Population Inversion- Stimulated Emission- Strategic Planting of Mirrors

A nano-second of pulse is generated.

A d v a n t a g e s

Shorter ignition delay time and shorter combustion time

Fuel-lean ignition possible

Lasers promise less pollution and greater fuel efficiency

Laser use will reduce erosion.

Disadvantages

High system costs

Concept proven, but no commercial system available yet.

Spark igniter vs. Laser Igniter

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Thermal efficiency CO in Exhaust Gas

Spark Igniter

laser igniter

WHICH ONE IS THE BEST?

Conclusion

Laser and HCCI Igniters promise less pollution and greater fuel efficiency, but making small, powerful lasers has, until now, proven hard.

Thermal Efficiency of the engines can be increased to a small extent i.e. 10-20%.

REFERANCES

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system

[2] http://alternativefuels.about.com/od/glossary/g/sparkignition.htm

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition

[4] http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/1631/

[5] Applied Thermal Engineering, Unit-4 Ignition Systems

[6] Laser Ignition for Internal Combustion Engines, Nick DeMarcopresentation

[7] Laser Plasma-Initiated Ignition Of Engines, J. Tauer, H. Kofler, K. Iskra, G. Tartar And E. Wintner

[8] Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine-Need for Society, Prof. Sanjay Harip Government Polytechnic, Nasik, India June, 16th ,2009