MECHATRONICS PROJECT

Submitted To:Prof. Tilak Thakur

Sensors and TransducersLVDT

Signal Conditioning devicesFilters

ActuatorsGears

Transducers are devices that convert physical parameter change into either current or voltage changes.

Sensors convert some physical parameter change into some other physical parameter change

Sensor + transductor = transducer

Capacitive transducer Inductive transducer (LVDT) Resistive transducer (strain gauge , potentiometric) Thermal transducer (thermocouples) Optical transducer

(photodiodes , photo resistors , phototransistors)

LVDT (Linear variable differential transducer)

The linear variable differential transducer(LVDT) (also called just a differential transducer) Electrical transducer Used for measuring linear displacement

(position). The LVDT converts a position or linear

displacement from a mechanical reference (zero, or null position) into a proportional electrical signal containing phase (for direction) and amplitude (for distance) information.

The linear variable differential transformer has three solenoidal coils placed end-to-end around a tube.

BY : SHUBHAM AND SIMER

The center coil is the primary, and the two outer coils are the top and bottom secondary's.


direction of winding of secondary coils are such that voltage induced in them are in opposite

direction/phase.




A cylindrical ferromagnetic core, attached to the object whose position is to be measured, slides along the axis of the tube.






SECONDARY COIL `S2’

SECONDARY COIL`S1’

CORE –APPLIED WEIGHT /FORCE /PRESSURE

Let's study the working of LVDT by splitting the cases into 3 based on the iron core position inside the insulated former.


An alternating current drives the primary and causes a voltage to be induced in each secondary proportional to the length of the core linking to the secondary.


An alternating current drives the primary and causes a voltage to be induced in each secondary proportional to the length of the core linking to the secondary.



Case 1: On applying an external force which is the displacement, if the core reminds in the null position itself without providing any movement then the voltage induced in both the secondary windings are equal which results in net output is equal to zero i.e., Esec1-Esec2=0

Case 2: When an external force is applied and if the steel iron core moves in the right hand side direction then the emf induced in the secondary coil 2 is greater when compared to the emf voltage induced in the secondary coil1. Therefore the net output voltage will be Esec2-Esec1.







Case 3: When an external force is applied and if the steel iron core tends to move in the left hand side direction then the emf voltage induced in the secondary coil is greater when compared to the emf induced in the secondary coil 2. Therefore the net output will be Esec1-Esec2






Applications :

Cartoon interpretation TUGOF

WAR

If right side players exert more force than the left hand side players ,there

will be a net motion towards right side .thus right side will dominate

If left side players exert more force than the right hand side players ,there will be a net motion towards left side

.thus left side will dominate

If force exerted by both the sides is same then there will be no net

motion. No side dominates.

Motion of the rope can be compared to the motion of the conductor in LVDT. Dominating side tells whether the net voltage is in direction of secondary coil 1 or 2.

DEFINITIONchanging shape ,size

and energy of the signal coming from

sensors and transducers is known

as input signal conditioning.

NEEDsignal is almost impure

it is analogueenergy level is less

FILTERS: These are the devices that remove certain band of frequencies from a signal and permit others to be transmitted.

THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF FILTERS:A)LOW PASS FILTER- allows frequencies from 0 up to certain frequency to be

transmitted.B) HIGH PASS FILTERS- allows frequencies from a certain frequency up to infinity to

be transmitted.C)BAND-PASS FILTERS- allows all the frequencies within a certain band to be

transmitted.

FILTER

FILTER

Low pass filter

HIGH pass filter

BAND pass filter

BAND STOP filter

Cartoon interpretation Low pass filter :

Low and high frequency

Low pass filter

Low frequency

Wheat + bran sieve wheat

Cartoon interpretation Band pass filter :

Band pass filterWilling for ride (Entry for people age b/w 5 to 80) (Frequencies willing to pass)

Eligible for ride(Frequencies in a particular range allowed)

High pass filter

6.5 7.9

8.4

10

Cartoon interpretation Futures first(consultancy firm)Only those candidates can sit for the interview Whose CGPA is greater than 8.5

High pass filter :

Frequencies passing through the circuit

Frequencies above a certain frequency are allowed to pass

THESE ARE FINAL DECSION

IMPLEMENTING DEVICES.

ELECTRICAL ACTUATOR

MECHANICAL ACTUATORPNEUMATIC ACTUATORHYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

It is a mechanical actuator It is used to transform and transfer a rotational

motion from one axis to another

the counter shaft has

smaller gear on it in mesh

with the output shaft

gear




gear




gear

The power is transferred

by the smaller gear

on input shaft to

larger gear

on the output along

counter shaft.


by the smaller gear

on input shaft to

larger gear

on the output along

counter shaft.


by the smaller gear

on input shaft to

larger gear

on the output along

counter shaft.


by the smaller gear

on input shaft to

larger gear

on the output along

counter shaft.

The output turns in the same direction as input but in a ratio dependent upon the sizes of gears.


Since two types of gears are used so their ratio is compounded together or multiplied together


Applications

Applications

Differential gear

Applications

Crane is transporting car from one place to another

Crane can be considered as gear train Car can be considered as rotational motion

Place from where the car is carried from and going to can be regarded as axis

Cartoon interpretation

CombinedSystem


V out FILTER

amplifier

As the man pushes core of sensor,

Electrical signal(A.C.) is generated. The

signal Is conditioned by filter ,then amplified

by Amplifier . So final current will get

Into motor and a part of door gets opened

and then by the use of gears we opened the

other part of door also.

motor

Engineering

MECHATRONICS PROJECT