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Classification of SPINDLES

Vertical spindle

Horizontal spindle

Single spindle

Multiple Spindles

Bar type

Chuck Type

Screw type

Swiss type

Vertical Spindle

Horizontal spindle

Single spindle Multiple Spindle

Bar Type SpindleChuck Type Spindle

Screw type spindle Swiss Type spindle - A modified automated turret lathe distinguished by a sliding headstock and fixed bushing. Swiss-type machines are capable of creating very small parts with excellent tolerances.

Computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes are rapidly replacing the older production lathes (multispindle, etc.) due to their

1. ease of setting,

2. operation,

3. repeatability and

4. accuracy.

They are designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully use modern processes.

Basic working

The part may be designed and the tool paths programmed by the CAD/CAM process or manually by the programmer, and the resulting file uploaded to the machine, and once set and trialled the machine will continue to turn out parts under the occasional supervision of an operator.

The machine is controlled electronically via a computer menu style interface, the program may be modified and displayed at the machine, along with a simulated view of the process

The design of a CNC lathe varies with different manufacturers, but they all have some common elements.

The turret holds the tool holders and indexes them as needed, the spindle holds the workpiece and there are slides that let the turret move in multiple axis simultaneously.

The machines are often totally enclosed,

Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to controlled manually via hand wheels or levers, or mechanically automated via cams alone. Most NC today is computer numerical control(CNC), in which computers play an integral part of the control.

In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) programs. The programs produce a computer file that is interpreted to extract the commands needed to operate a particular machine via a post processor, and then loaded into the CNC machines for production. Since any particular component might require the use of a number of different tools – drills, saws, etc., modern machines often combine multiple tools into a single "cell“

Once we are ready with the geometrical design we then move on to generate the tool path.

Steps to be followed:

Define cutter path by selecting geometry Contours

Pockets

Hole patterns

Surfaces

Volume to be removed

(At this point the system knows what you want to cut)

Define cut parameters Tool information

Type, Rpm, Feed

Cut method

Example - Pocket mill zig-zag, spiral, inside-out

Rough and finish parameters

(At this point the system knows how you want to cut the part)

Execute cutter simulation Visual representation of cutter motion

Modify / delete cutter sequences

Problem 1

Part Boundary Program

%

N010 G90

N020 G70

N030 G00 X1.000

N040 G01 Y3.625

N050 X7.000

N060 Y0.000

N080 X0.000

The Hole Locations Program

N090 X2.000 Y0.875

N100 X4.000

N110 X6.000

N120 Y2.750

N130 X4.000

N140 X2.000

N150 X0.000 Y 0.000

N160 M30

%

Drilling Holes

N010 G90

N020 G70

N030 G81 X2.000 Y0.875 R0.100 Z-1.000 F5 M03

N040 X4.000

N050 X6.000

N060 Y2.750

N070 X4.000

N080 X2.000

N090 G80

N100 X0.000 Y0.000 M06

N110 M30

M00

Problem 2

Angular Program

N010 G91

N020 G70

N030 G00 X1.500 Y0.250 R0.100 Z-0.225 F10 M03

N040 G01 X2.000 Y1.155 M06

N050 G00 X-3.500 Y-1.405 M30

Problem 3

Arc Program

N010 G91

N020 G70

N030 G00 X2.500 Y0.500 R0.100 M03

N040 Z-.350 F2.0

N050 G02 X-1.000 Y1.000 I0.000 J1.000 F10.0

N060 G00 R0.100

N070 X1.000 Y1.125

N080 G01 Z-.350 F2.0

N090 G02 X1.125 Y-1.125 I0.0 J-1.125 F10

N100 G00 R.100

N110 X-3.625 Y-1.500 M06

N120 M30

Problem 3

Circle Program

N010 G91

N020 G70

N030 G00 X1.000 R0.100 M03

N040 G01 Z-0.350 F2.0

N050 G02 X2.000 Y2.000 I2.000 F10.0

N060 X2.000 Y-2.000 J-2.000

N070 X-2.000 Y-2.000 I-2.000

N080 X-2.000 Y2.000 J2.000

N090 G00 R0.100

N100 X-1.000 M06

N110 M30