Introduction to Graphics

Training Session

Graphics - Introduction

• Representation and manipulation of Image data

• Displays the Art and Image data effectively• Processes the image data received from

physical world

Graphics - Application

• Graphics User Interface• Weather Maps• Image Enhancements• Mediacal Imaging• Engineering Drawing like CAD tools• Training like Flight Simulation• Entertainment

2D Graphics

• Different Types– Pixel Art Graphics– Sprite Graphics– Vector Graphics

• Pixel Art– Form of digital art– Images are edited on the Pixel Level

2D Graphics

• Sprite Graphics– Referred to independent objects that are

composed together– 2D Image or Animation that is integrated into

Large Screen– Method of integrating unrelated bitmaps to be

part of normal bitmap– Creating animated character that can be moved

without altering the overall screen data

2D Graphics

• Vector Graphics– Complementary to raster graphics– Representation of images as an array of pixels– Typically used for representation of photographic

images.– Consists encoding information about shapes and

colors that comprise the image– This allows more flexibility in rendering– There are instances with vector tools & formats

3D Graphics

• Three dimensional representation of geometric data

• Includes images for real time viewing• Rely on similar algorithms as 2D graphics do in the

frame and raster graphics• 3D graphics are same as 3D models• Contained with graphical data file, apart from

rendering.• 3D rendering is how a model can be displayed.

Rendering

• Generation of 2D image from 3D model• Scene file contains strictly defined data structure, it

contains the following informations,– Geometry– Viewpoint– Texture– Lighting– Shading

• Rendering program processes the data in the scene file and output to a digital image.

3D Graphics Process

Rendering

TextureInformation

Image

Models

AnimationDefinition

Geometrical Modeling

GeometricalModels

Scanning

Rendering

GeometricModeling

ModelLibraries

DisplacementMapping

Animation

AnimationDefinition

Motion Design

Rendering

MotionComputation

MotionCapture

DynamicDeformations

Texturing

TextureInformation

Scanned images

RenderingComputedImages

PaintedImages

Rendering

FrameBuffer

Disk File

TransformClipping

Perspective

ImageGeneration

GeometricModels

AnimationDefinition Texture

Information

OpenGL

• Cross language cross platform API for rendering 2D & 3D graphics

• Used to interact with GPUs to achieve hardware accelerated rendering

• API defined as a set of functions called by client program

OpenGL Graphics Pipeline

OpenGL Toolkits

• Window Tool Kits– GLFW– freeglut

• Widget Toolkits– Qt– wxWidgets– Android OpenGl