Innovation in Geospatial Technology and Standards

®

OGC

Innovation in Geospatial Technology and Standards

George Percivall

OGC Chief Engineer

28 April 2014

© 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

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What, exactly, does innovation mean?“Innovation key to continued success” Saudia Aramco website News, 12-Dec-2013

• “Linguistically, the word ‘innovation’ (in Arabic, ibteda’a) implies creating something new” – This kind of innovation is powerful but rare. – Other forms of innovation: improving an existing system,

using an existing technology in a new context or discovering ways to become more efficient

• “It is tempting to think we are doing well, so why change? But the truth is that in such a market, you have to be innovative.”– The danger is to be complacent and satisfied with maintaining old

ways just because they have worked well in the past.

© 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 2

OGC®

OGC Web ServicesWeb Map Servers (WMS)

Web Feature Servers (WFS)Web Coverage Servers (WCS)

Basic Geospatial Interoperability Challenge SolvedStandards-based Technologies and Information Sources Abound

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium 3

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards

Hundreds of thousands of maps and datasets accessible through 10,000 servers running OGC Web Services

NSDI - India GeoPortal Map Viewer Skyview2, Eurocontrol

OpenIOOS.Org

GEOSS Portal geoportal.org

OneGeology.Org

OGC®

OGC Geography Markup Language13 years of OS MasterMapTM in OGC GML

Went live on 30 Nov 2001Flagship product

First industrial strength GML implementation

450 million features

Updated and supplied on a daily basis

Available in GML only

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OGC’s response to the Innovator’s Dilemma

• Must maintain current OGC standards while simultaneously addressing evolution of technology and markets– Ensure harmonization in OGC standards

• OGC response to the Innovators Dilemma– Extend or adapt the present baseline of standards– New standards that overlap with or diverge from existing standards,

along with guidance to evaluate among options– Harmonization techniques (brokers, facades) for interoperability


Paraphrasing a motion adopted by the OGC Planning Committee, March 2014

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Geospatial Technology Trends

• The Power of Location– Location for predicting intent– Location data quality

• Policy implementation – Uncertainty inhibiting growth– Implement licenses; privacy

• Mobile First– 1 GB/user/day, Mobile first– LBS DWG, Geopackage

• Internet of Things– Reached “Apple II” stage– Opportunistic sensing/SWE

• Geospatial Processing– Analytics, Cloud, models, – WPS Profiles, Provenance

• Indoor Frontier – Human scale geo– Indoor maps, IndoorGML

• Cartographers of future– Maps became personal– AR, Semantics

• Smart Cities– Urban Scale geo– Spatial intelligence of cities


See G. Percivall’s Blog: http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814

6

http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814

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Location Data Quality

• >Half of Facebook and Foursquare locations are inaccurate

Derek Browers, MomentFeed

• Dirty Little Secret Of LBS Ads

–Inferred (“made up”) lat/lon points

• “Important for decision makers to understand accuracy of geocodes so they have a sense of confidence they can place in the data.”

– John O’Hara, Pitney Bowes, Geospatial World Jan 2013


Yelp Engineering

7

http://engineeringblog.yelp.com/2012/08/gps-vs-wifi-the-battle-for-location-accuracy-using-yelp-check-ins.html

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OGC Points of Interest

• POI Standard development– Began in W3C with OGC participation, now OGC leadership– OGC Standards Working Group formed to complete work

• Key Use Case– Authoritative source maintains PoIs (Starbucks maintains their PoIs)

– PoI Aggregators offer services (Google offers search on PoI

database)– Consolidators gather PoIs from Authoritative sources using OGC

PoI Spec

© 2014, Open Geospatial Consortium

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Market Reality - Mobile First

• “Millennials would rather give up driving than their smartphone or laptop”

– Zipcar survey

• 1GB per mobile user per day by 2020

- Y. Neuvo, Former CTO NOKIA


http://www.slideshare.net/kleinerperkins/2012-kpcb-internet-trends-yearend-update

• Geospatial services need to consider: “Customers who do not use laptops and computers. They use cell phones and tablets.”

– Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon ABhttp://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/01/millennials-car-ownership_n_2789454.html



http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

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Explosion of RESTful Map APIs

Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Source: ProgrammableWeb

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"API Design is Stuck in 2008"

• “RESTful Web Services”, Ruby and Richardson, 2007– “I like to think it contributed in some small way to the explosion of

RESTful APIs that began around that time.” – Richardson

• Richardson: “Thousands of APIs created over the past 7 years are superficially similar but mutually incompatible” – Different views of basic real-world concepts like “person” and

“event” – APIs that do exactly the same thing but have nothing in common

except json media type.– Lack of agreement makes it impossible to create software that can

be reused between APIs


http://blog.programmableweb.com/2013/10/07/api-design-is-stuck-in-2008/

http://blog.programmableweb.com/2013/10/07/api-design-is-stuck-in-2008/

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OGC Standards for Mobile


• Points of Interest• Open GeoSMS• OWS Context• 3D Visualization

• GeoPackage• SensorThings• ARML 2 • IndoorGML

Graphic Source:12

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GeoPackagethe new universal geodata file format

• GeoPackage is a universal file format for geodata. – Open, self-describing, application and platform independent – Built on SQLite, so works on any desktop or mobile OS

• GeoPackage - the modern alternative to formats like GeoTIFF, SDTS and shapefiles

• www.geopackage.org


http://www.geopackage.org/

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1st Open, Multi-Vendor Augmented Reality Interoperability Demonstration


>50 Millionusers+ + =

AR content encoded in OGC ARML 2.0 draft standard

Demonstrated at Mobile World Congress 2014 Organized by AR StandardsCommunity

http://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/1967http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2014/02/augmented-reality-interoperability-demo/

http://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/1967

http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2014/02/augmented-reality-interoperability-demo/

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Internet of Things – IoT – has arrived

• Internet of things to give $10-15 trillion boost to global economy:

General Electric


• “In 2008, the number of devices connected to the Internet exceeded the number of people on Earth. By 2020, there will be 50 billion devices connected” - CISCO

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"Redefining the language of geospatial industry"Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB.

http://blogs.cisco.com/news/the-internet-of-things-infographic/

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OGC SensorThings for IoT

• Builds on OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards that are operational around the world

• Builds on Web protocols; easy-to-use RESTful style • OGC candidate standard for open access to IoT devices


http://ogc-iot.github.io/ogc-iot-api/datamodel.html

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OGC®

Indoor Frontier

• People spend nearly 90% of time indoors – this is the simple reason LBS has not quite lived up to the promise

– Joep van Beurden, CEO CSR Plc

• Indoor location brings a new dawn in mapmaking– Christof Hellmis, Nokia

• Companies are duplicating their efforts on indoor technologies at great expense

– The Economist


http://informedinfrastructure.com/2668/interior-location-and-mapping-prompted-by-innovations-that-improve-position-and-navigation/http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013 http://www.micello.com/

http://informedinfrastructure.com/2668/interior-location-and-mapping-prompted-by-innovations-that-improve-position-and-navigation/





http://www.micello.com/

http://www.micello.com/

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OGC IndoorGML

Integrated Outdoor / Indoor Information and Services


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OGC®

OGC‘s Approach for Advancing Interoperability


• Interoperability Program (IP) - a global, innovative, hands-on rapid prototyping and testing program designed to unite users and industry in accelerating interface development and validation, and the delivery of interoperability to the market

• Standards Program – Consensus standards process similar to other Industry consortia (World Wide Web Consortium, OMA etc.).

• Communications and Outreach Program – education and training, encourage take up of OGC specifications, business development, communications programs

• Compliance Program - allows organizations that implement an OGC standard to test their implementations with the mandatory elements of that standard

Rapid Interface

Development

Standards

Setting

Market

Adoption

Testing &

Certification

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New OGC Working Groups Meeting the changes in technology and markets

Technology WGs• Big Data• Temporal • PipelineML

Market WGs• Mobile Location

Services • Energy and Utilities • Urban

Planning/Smart Cities


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PipelineML Forming an OGC Working Group


• Open and Extensible• Interoperable• Non-proprietary

• Leverage OGC Standards• Lossless accuracy/resolution• Metadata-rich

PipelineML – an open extensible specification to enable interchange of pipeline data

between parties, disparate systems and software applications without loss of accuracy, density or data resolution and without need for conversion between intermediate or

proprietary formats.

Graphics Source

OGC®


PipelineML: Future State of Project Data Management Workflow

Asset Information Manager

PipelineML

TemporalWarehouse

StagingData Repository

PipelineML Data

ReferenceData Repository

High Availability Digitized

Low Availability Hardcopy

Moderate Availability Linked

Pipe

lineM

L

Pipe

lineM

L

Data Load API (Web Service)

BaseAsset Repository

Pipe

lineM

L

Field Engs & Service Providers

ETL Manager

Data Management Team

Business Unit Stakeholders

Public

Integrity Analyzer

Data Management API (Web Service)

PipelineML

PipelineML

PipelineML

Pipe

lineM

L

Flow Simulator

Pipe

lineM

L

PipelineML

PipelineML

BI API (Web Service)

GeoServerWMS / WFS /

WFS-T / WTMS

GeoPackage

PipelineML

Rehabilitation Db

Web API (Web Service)PipelineML

Graphics Source

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OGC Interoperability Program: OGP/IPIECA Oil Spill Response Project

• Support Oil Spill Response using GIS technology – Produce Recommended Practice for GIS/Mapping– Geo-information in a “Common Operating Picture” (COP)

for management of the response

• Using OGC’s Concept Development Process1. Request for Information (RFI)

2. Engineering Workshops

3. Reference Architecture and Feasibility Report

OGC®

Common Operating Picture: highlighting geospatial information

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Geospatial Information from External Sources

Drill & Incident Specific Info

Base Map and Reference Info

Data Base

Web Servers: WMS, WFS, etc.

User ManagementAccess Privileges

Web Servers: WMS, WFS, etc.

Response Center

Public Web Sources

Real-Time Feeds, Observations and

Alerts

Client Applications

User Computers

COPComposed of

multiple map layers

Context Docume

nt

User Management

Remote Archive

Disconnected COP Users

OGC

OGC®

An Integrating Force: Smart Cities

• Urban Maps – 3D City Models – Indoor Venue Maps – Interoperability with BIM

• Energy and Utilities management – Smart Energy– Smart Water Management

• Citizen Services – Location-aware municipal services

using open data and standards • Sensor Webs

– Situational awareness from fusion of sensor observations

• Disaster and Emergency Response– Common Operational Picture

Source; Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

OGC®

Urban Transition in Saudi Arabia

• The Gulf region is one of the most urbanized areas in the world, over 70% of population living in urban areas


Source: “The State of Arab Cities 2012: Challenges of Urban Transition”

• Together with five other cities, King Abdullah Economic City is a part of an ambitious program to place Saudi Arabia among the world’s top competitive investment destinations.

Source: Economic Cities Agency - SAGIA

OGC®

OGC Urban IoT Testbed Concept

• “Spatial Intelligence Architecture for Smart Cities” : a vendor- neutral best practice for any city

• Seamless integration of – GIS, Imaging, Augmented Reality,

3D modeling, sensor networks, GPS, IoT, and location services

• Interoperability testing of multiple implementations using an open framework

• Market opportunities through innovations in open standards


CityGML graphic source; Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU

OGC Sensor Web Enablement

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Blog






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For Details on OGC Standards…

• OGC Standards– Freely available– www.opengeospatial.org/standards

• OGC Reference Model (ORM)– Overview of OGC Standards Baseline– Resource for defining architectures for

specific applications– www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm

George Percivall gpercivall at opengeospatial.org

Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards

http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/orm

mailto:[email protected]