Glass fiber in modern world

PRESENTED BY…….

SUHAN HASSAIN TALUCKDER 13.02.08.004

INTESAR ALI FAHIM 13.02.08.015

MD AL – AMIN 13.02.08.054

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTON

HISTORY

TYPES OF GLASS FIBER

PROPERTIES

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

ADVANTAGE

DISADVANTAGE

APPLICATION & USES

FUTURE ASPECTS

GLASS FIBER

INTRODUCTION

Glass fiber is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass.

Glass fiber combines its light weight with an inherent strength to provide a weather resistant finish with a variety of surface textures

The basic component of glass fibers is silica, SiO2. In its pure form it exists as a polymer, (SiO2)n.

It has no true melting point but softens up to 2000°C,where it starts to degrade.

It is usual to introduce impurities into the glass in the form of other materials to lower its working temperature.

HISTORY

The ancient Pheonicians and Egyptians were two civilizations that made glass, and both of them made glass into fibers, or made glassfiber. They used this fiber for decoration, unaware of the potential that lay within it.

After that In 1870, a man named John Player developed a process of mass producing glass strands with a steam jet process.

Mass manufacture of glass fiber was only made possible with the invention of finer machine tooling in 1893.

In 1935, Corning Glass joined with Owens-Illinois, another company that had been experimenting with fiberglass, to develop the product further. In 1936, they patented the product "Fiberglas", with only 1 "s.", and then in 1938 the two companies merged to become Owens-Corning, which is still in existance today.

As early as 1942, Owens-Corning was producing fiberglass and polyester airplane parts for the war effort.

TYPES OF GLASS FIBER

As per ASTM C162 the glass fiber was classified according to the end use and chemical compositions.

E, Electrical

S, Strength

C, Chemical

M, Modulus

A, Alkali

D, Dielectric

PROPERTIES

Thermal

Glass fibers are useful thermal insulators because of their high ratio of surface area to weight. However, the increased surface area makes them much more susceptible to chemical attack. By trapping air within them, blocks of glass fiber make good thermal insulation, with a thermal conductivity of the order of 0.05 W/(m.K).

Tensile

Fiber typeTensile

strength(MPa)

Compressive

strength(MPa)

Density(g/cm3)

Thermal expansion(µm/m·°C)

Softening T

(°C)

Price($/kg)

E-glass 3445 1080 2.58 5.4 846 ~2

S-2 glass 4890 1600 2.46 2.9 1056 ~20

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Density -2.50-2.55 g/cc

Diameter -10-20 µm

Extension at break (%) -2.5 %

Tensile strength (MPa) -2000-3500

Young·s modulus (GPa) -73

Melting Point -700C

MANUFACTURIG PROCESS

Glass melts are made by fusing silica with minerals, which contain the oxides needed to form a given composition.

The individual components are weighed and delivered to blending station where the batch ingredients are thoroughly mixed before being transported to the furnace.

ADVANTAGES

Very high tensile strength

Excellent resistance to sunlight and U

Excellent FR properties

Good dimensional stability

Zero moisture absorbance

Resistant to mildew, rotting and insects

Excellent UV stability

Glass textiles are of comparatively relatively low price (1.25 Euro/kg) so they have found wide applications.

DISADVANTAGES

Adhesion difficulties.

Relatively heavy.

Glass fibers if breathed into the lungs can promote fatal cancerous growth.

Brittle, poor flexing properties

Poor abrasion resistance

APPLICATION

Important Commercial Products

Fiberglass Fabric. Fiberglass yarns are converted to fabric form by conventional weaving

operations.

Textile yarns are fine-fiber strands of yarn from the forming operation that are air dried on

the forming tubes to provide sufficient integrity to undergo a twisting operation.

Texturized Yarn. Texturizing is a process in which the textile yarn is subjected to an air jet

that impinges on its surface to make the yarn ’fluffy’’

Carded Glass Fibers. Carding is a process that makes a staple fiberglass yarn from

continuous yarn.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

Contd.

FUTURE ASPECTS

Reduce it’s weight

Minimize brittleness

Increase flexibility

Increase resistivity to abrasion

REFERENCES

www.studymafia.org

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

http://www.advancedarchitecturalstone.com

THANK YOU