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Structure and Properties of Glass Fiber
BySalman Hassan
Muhammad Rahman Sajid
Glass Fiber
Introduction:• Glass fiber is also called as Fiberglass.• Glass Fiber is special purpose synthetic fiber.• Glass is the oldest, and most familiar, performance fiber. • It is made from extremely fine fibers of glass.• Fibers have been manufactured from glass since the 1930s.
Structure:
• Glass describes range of material made by fusing together one or more of the oxides of silicon, boron or phosphorus with certain oxide like potassium, magnesium, calcium.
• Basic part of Glass fiber is Silica “SiO2”.
• In its pure form, it exists as polymer, (SiO2)n.
Structure:
• In the polymer it forms SiO4 groups which are configured as a tetrahedron with the silicon atom at the center, and four oxygen atoms at the corners. These atoms then form a network bonded at the corners by sharing the oxygen atoms
Chemical Composition of Glass Fiber:
Properties:
Dimensional Stability:
Glass fiber is a dimensionally stable engineering material. Glass fiber does not stretch or shrink after exposure to extremely high or low temperatures.
Moisture Resistance:
Glass fibers do not absorb moisture or change physically or chemically when exposed to water.
Properties:
Specific Gravity:
E glass fiber has a specific gravity of 2.54 and S glass has 2.49.
High Strength:
The high strength-to-weight ratio of glass fiber makes it a superior material in applications where high strength and minimum weight are required.
Properties:
Thermal Properties:
Glass has an excellent resistance to the effects of heat over a wide range of temperature. Glass is completely inflammable and this is the important factors in its textile application.
Electrical Properties:
Glass fiber is an excellent material for electrical insulation and it has important use in the electric field. E glass made for this purpose.
Properties:
Chemical Properties:
Glass has a excellent resistant to most of the chemicals.It is attacked by alkalis and also by some strong mineral acids and by phosphorous acid.
Effect of Organic Solvent:
Glass fiber is not attacked by organic solvents.
Properties:
Optical Properties:
Refractive index of glass will range from approximately 0.003 to 0.006. Glass is transparent medium and opaque towards ultra violet transmission.
Radiation Properties:
E Glass and S-2 Glass fibers have excellent resistance to all types of nuclear radiation. Alpha and beta radiation have almost no effect, while gamma radiation and neutron bombardment produce a 5 to 10% decrease in tensile strength.
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