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Reliability test etude Uncertainty is checkmated in two moves (minimax) Problem: to create the optimum (minimum life cycle cost expectation) development program for this datas Development Number of tests, n 1 variable Cost of a product for test, Cpt 15 Cost of one hour of test, Ch 0,01 Cost of redesigning, Cr 10 Manufacture Cost of a base product, C0 10 Cost of a modified product, C1 12 Operation Lifetime distribution Normal Lifetime expectation, E Unknown Standard deviation, S 900 Number of products, N 50 Warranty lifetime, T 6000 Warranty cost (one failure), Cf 20

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Reliability test etude

Uncertainty is checkmated

in two moves (minimax)

Problem: to create the optimum (minimum life cycle cost expectation) development program for this datas

Development

Number of tests, n 1 variable

Cost of a product for test, Cpt 15

Cost of one hour of test, Ch 0,01

Cost of redesigning, Cr 10

Manufacture

Cost of a base product, C0 10

Cost of a modified product, C1 12

Operation

Lifetime distribution Normal

Lifetime expectation, E Unknown

Standard deviation, S 900

Number of products, N 50

Warranty lifetime, T 6000

Warranty cost (one failure), Cf 20

Solution:

There are two outcomes of the development: no failure occures with probability p0, and failure occures with probability p1=(1-p0)

All range of possible significances of Lifetime expectation (E) is considered ((practically, T-3*S...T+3*S)

Matrix of probabilities of tests without failures, p0=(1-Norm(t, E, S))^n

Testing Lifetime expectation, E

time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000

5000 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000

5500 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000

6000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000

6500 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000

7000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000

7500 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000

8000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000

8500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000

9000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000

9500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995

10000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957

The estimation of Development cost, D=p0*n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+p1*(n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+Cr)

Testing Lifetime expectation, E Cost

time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 of test

5000 74,87 73,67 70,00 66,33 65,13 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00

5500 79,97 79,52 77,11 72,89 70,48 70,03 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00

6000 85,00 84,87 83,67 80,00 76,33 75,13 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00

6500 90,00 89,97 89,52 87,11 82,89 80,48 80,03 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00

7000 95,00 95,00 94,87 93,67 90,00 86,33 85,13 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00

7500 100,00 100,00 99,97 99,52 97,11 92,89 90,48 90,03 90,00 90,00 90,00 90,00

8000 105,00 105,00 105,00 104,87 103,67 100,00 96,33 95,13 95,00 95,00 95,00 95,00

8500 110,00 110,00 110,00 109,97 109,52 107,11 102,89 100,48 100,03 100,00 100,00 100,00

9000 115,00 115,00 115,00 115,00 114,87 113,67 110,00 106,33 105,13 105,00 105,00 105,00

9500 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 119,97 119,52 117,11 112,89 110,48 110,03 110,00 110,00

10000 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 124,87 123,67 120,00 116,33 115,13 115,00 115,00

The estimation of Manufacture cost, M=p0*N*C0+p1*N*C1

Testing Lifetime expectation, E

time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000

5000 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500,00 500

5500 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500,00 500

6000 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500

6500 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500

7000 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500

7500 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500

8000 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500

8500 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500

9000 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,0004

9500 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,005

10000 600,00 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,0429

The estimation of Warranty cost, W=Cf*N*p0*Norm(T, E, S) - the Poisson approximation. We suppose the modified product does not fail.

Testing Lifetime expectation, E

time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000

0,9996 0,9869 0,8667 0,5000 0,1333 0,0131 0,0004 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 Prob. of failure

5000 13,13 131,51 433,37 433,37 131,51 13,13 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

5500 2,74 47,16 250,71 355,37 126,89 13,10 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

6000 0,43 12,96 115,50 250,00 115,50 12,96 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

6500 0,05 2,70 41,42 144,63 94,71 12,51 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

7000 0,00 0,42 11,38 66,63 66,63 11,38 0,42 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

7500 0,00 0,05 2,37 23,90 38,55 9,33 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

8000 0,00 0,00 0,37 6,57 17,76 6,57 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

8500 0,00 0,00 0,04 1,37 6,37 3,80 0,30 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

9000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,21 1,75 1,75 0,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

9500 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,36 0,63 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

10000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,17 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000

Here we can see the solution of the Uncertainty problem:

If the product lifetime is long, we will pass the tests and have a good operation. Very good case

If the product life time is small we will have failures in test, will do redesign, life time becomes big and we will have a good operation again. Good case too.

If the product life time is not small and is not big it is a worst case. We can pass the tests and will have failures in operation. Bad case.

The estimation of Life cycle cost, LCC=D+M+W

Testing Lifetime expectation, E Max

time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000

5000 686,68 791,85 1053,37 1013,03 697,95 578,18 565,43 565,00 565,00 565,00 565,00 1053,37

5500 682,43 721,91 898,89 957,19 702,15 583,40 570,43 570,00 570,00 570,00 570,00 957,19

6000 685,38 696,52 785,84 880,00 705,16 589,41 575,48 575,00 575,00 575,00 575,00 880,00

6500 690,04 692,40 726,16 802,81 706,53 597,76 580,73 580,01 580,00 580,00 580,00 802,81

7000 695,00 695,38 704,94 746,97 706,63 611,04 586,87 585,05 585,00 585,00 585,00 746,97

7500 700,00 700,04 702,07 718,64 706,73 631,15 595,67 590,31 590,01 590,00 590,00 718,64

8000 705,00 705,00 705,32 710,12 708,10 656,57 610,03 596,45 595,05 595,00 595,00 710,12

8500 710,00 710,00 710,04 711,07 711,11 681,98 632,12 605,26 600,30 600,01 600,00 711,11

9000 715,00 715,00 715,00 715,17 715,31 702,09 660,21 619,66 606,44 605,05 605,00 715,31

9500 720,00 720,00 720,00 720,02 720,06 715,37 688,31 641,82 615,26 610,30 610,01 720,06

10000 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,01 723,73 710,40 670,00 629,66 616,44 615,05 725,01

Min 710,12

We can find this worst uncertainty (E) on based LCC->Max and select best test parameters (t) on based LCC->Min.