GUIDE – SATHISH.B.M(M.Tech)Asst.Prof of GCEM(ECE)

ADARSH KUMAR.M.N - 1GD11EC002

CONTENTS

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

EVOLUTION OF 0G – 5G

INTRODUCTION TO 5G

ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF 5G

FEATURES & APPLICATONS OF 5G

COMPARISON FROM 1G TO 5G

CONCULSION

FUTURE SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS WIRELESS ?

The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ”.

In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to

describe any computer network where there is no physical wired

connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is

connected by radio waves and or microwaves to maintain

communications.

Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment such as NICs

and Routers in place of wires (copper or optical fibre).

0G TECHNOLOGY

Pre-cell phone mobile telephony technology, such as radio

telephones that some had in cars before the arrival of cell phones.

Communication was possible through voice only.

These mobile telephones were usually mounted in cars or trucks.

Technologies :

PTT(Push to Talk)

MTS (Mobile Telephone System)

IMTS (Improved MTS)

First Mobile Radio Telephone - 1924

1G TECHNOLOGY

1G refers to first generation wireless communication technology

developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s.

A voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about

150MHz.

Speed was upto 2.4kbps.

Based on Analog Signal.

AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems.

Technologies :TACS(Total Acess Communication Systems)

NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone)

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

Poor Voice links

Poor Battery Life

Large Phone Size

No Security

Limited Capacity

Unreliable handoff

DRAWBACKS OF 1G

2G

2G TECHNOLOGY

2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM.

It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.

Based on digital signals.

Speed upto 64kbps.

Technologies :TDMA CDMA

Different Services Digital voice calling

Short message service (SMS)

BENEFITS

Consume less battery power.

Improves the voice clarity.

Reduces noise in the line.

Secrecy and safety to the data and voice calls.

LIMITATIONS Strong digital signals are required to make the cell

phones work.

Digital signals would be week if there is no proper

network coverage in the specified area.

Difficult to handle complex data such as video etc.

2.5G TECHNOLOGY

2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third

(3G) generation of mobile telephony.

2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular technology

combined with GPRS.

It can have a data rate up to 144kbps.

Technologies :GPRS

EDGE

CDMA

FEATURES

Phone Calls

Send/Receive E-mail Messages

Web Browsing

Speed : 64-144 kbps

Camera Phones

3G TECHNOLOGY

Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s

until present day.

Data Transmission speed increased from

125kbps- 2Mbps.

Data are sent through technology called packet

switching.

Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching..

SERVICES

Voice calls

Global roaming

Send/receive large email messages

High-speed Web

Navigation/maps

Video conferencing

Mobile TV

3D gaming

Technologies :W-CDMA

GSM EDGE

UMTS

DECT

WiMAX

CDMA 2000

DRAWBACKS OF 3G

Requires higher bandwidth

Expensive 3G phones

Expensive fees for 3G licenses services

It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G

Large Cell Phones

4G TECHNOLOGY Fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s.

Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.

One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.

• Mobile Multimedia

• Anytime Anywhere

• Global Mobility Support

• Integrated Wireless Solution

• Customized Personal Services

Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

High speed wireless network and data to and interface with

wire-line backbone network.

APPLICATIONS INCLUDE

Mobile tv

Tele-medicine

Video on demand

Video conferencing

Location based service

High Capacity

Low Cost Per-bit etc.

Technologies :

LTE

Wi-MAX

DRAWBACKS OF 4G

Battery uses is more

Hard to implement

Need complicated hardware

Expensive equipment required to implement next

generation network.

5G TECHNOLOGY

Fifth Generation which was started from late 2010s.

Complete wireless network with no limitations

Concept is theoritical & not yet implemented

REAL wireless technology or WWWW or W4

Incredible transmission speed in

gigabit range.

WHAT DOES 5G OFFERS ??

Worldwide cellular phones

Extraordinary data capabilities

High connectivity

More power & features in hand held phones

Large phone memory, more dialing speed, more clarity in

audio & video

KEY CONCEPT

Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and

zone issues.

Wearable devices

Ipv6, where a visiting care-of mobile ip address is assigned

according to location and connected network.

One unified global standard.

Smart-radio

High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems.

The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technology

Multiple concurrent data transfer path

5G

AS

NANO

CORE

BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

5G Mobile design accomodates:

QoS

Data rate of futuristic

applications

PROTOCOL STACK OF 5G

OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE

(OWA)

Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA

OSI layer 1 & OSI layer 2 define the wireless technology.

For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based

on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA )

NETWORK LAYER

All mobile networks will use mobile IP

Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent)

A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless

networks at the same time.

Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:

(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)

(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal

Network layer of 5G wireless

APPLICATION LAYER

Intelligent QoS management over various networks

Service quality testing & storage of measurement

information in databases

Select the best wireless connection for given services

Wireless network diers from wired network regarding the

transport layer

TCP: lost segments due to network congestion

Possible to download & install Open Transport Protocol (OTP)

OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL

(OTP)

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

FOR 5G MOBILE NETWORKS

PROTOCOL LAYOUT FOR THE

ELEMENTS OF THE PROPOSED

ARCHITECTURE

5G Hardware:

Uses UWB (Ultra Wide

Band) networks with higher

BW at low energy levels

BW is of 4000 Mbps,

which is 400 times faster

than today’s wireless

networks

Uses smart antenna

Uses CDMA (Code

Division Multiple Access)

5G Software:

Software defined radio,

encryption, flexibility, Anti-

Virus

5G will be single unified

standard of different wireless

networks, including LAN

technologies, LAN/WAN,

WWWW- World Wide

Wireless Web, unified IP &

seamless combination of

broadband

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE OF 5G

FEATURES

High resolution for crazy cell phone users

Bi-directional large BW

Less traffic

25 Mbps connectivity speed

Enhanced & available connectivity just about the world

Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the peak (up

to 1 Gbps)

Better & fast solution

FEATURES(cond..)

High quality service based on policy to avoid error

Support virtual private networks

More attractive & effective

Provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action

ADVANTAGES

Data bandwidth of 1 Gbps or higher.

Globally accessible.

Dynamic information access beneficial to domestic user.

Available at low cost.

APPLICATIONS OF 5G

Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities

Pervasive (Global) networks

Media independent handover

Radio resource management

VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devices

With 6th sense technology

COMPARISON OF ALL

GENERATIONSGeneration

Features

1G 2G 3G 4G 5G

Years 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s

Data Bandwidth

2kbps 64kbps 2Mbps 200Mbps 1Gbps

Standards AMPS TDMA,CDMA,GSM,GPRS

WCDMA Single unified standards

Single unified standards

Technology Analog cellular

Digital cellular

Broadband with CDMA,IP Technology

Unified IP & seamless combination of broadband LAN,WAN & WLAN

Unified IP & Seamless combination of broadband,LAN,WAN,& WLAN,WWWW

Services Mobile technology(voice)

Digital voice,SMS,Higher

Integrated high quality audio,video

Dynamicinformation access,wearable

Dynamicinformation access,wearable

EVOLUTION OF 1G TO 5G

TECHNOLOGY

CONCLUSION

3G - Operator centric

4G - service centric whereas

5G - user centric

5G wireless concept designed as an open platform on

different layers.

The new coming 5G technology will be avaliable in the

market at affordable rates,high peak future and much

realiability than preceding technolgies.

FUTURE SCOPES

Combination of 5G with AI

(i)Control intelligent robot by mobile

(ii)Typing messages as brain thinks!

Further evolution to 6G Networks

THANK YOU