B1 Guðrún A. Sævarsdóttir Utilization of the Chloride Bearing, Superheated Steam from IDDP-1

www.hr.isGEORG Geothermal Workshop, November 2016

Utilization of Chloride Bearing High Enthalpy Geothermal Fluid

Gudrun SAEVARSDOTTIR, Steindór HJARTARSON, Kristinn INGASON, Bjarni PALSSON, William S.

HARVEYReykjavik University, Mannvit Engineering,

Landsvirkjun


The heat source - Magma


Fluid from Deep Roots of Geothermal systems


High enthalpy steam – superheated or SC?


Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP)• Purpose of IDDP:

– Drill deeper to obtain a higher enthalpy steam, preferably supercritical • T>374 °C• P>220 bar

– For supercritical drill a 5km deep well

• Why:– Higher enthalpy and mass flow gives a more powerful well

• IDDP-1– The first well, IDDP-1, 2.2 km deep


IDDP1 at Krafla, north Iceland

http://vimeo.com/28453873


The wild well IDDP-1• 12 hours after

opening:– T=410°C,

P=40bar, h=3150kJ/kg

• Chemicals in the steam– HCl, sulphur,

silica fumes Tekið af http://georg.hi.is/files/IDDP%20-%20GOF.pdf þann 16.11.11



HCl in superheated steam a problem

• HCl dissolves in the first droplets formed

• Potent hydrocloric acid• Corrodes metal!

Must be scrubbed from the steam before it enters sensitive components



Silica fumes

• Fumes from IDDP condensed as amorphous silica particles

• Formed as pressure dropped below 80 bar

• Similar to industrial microsilica particles



What can be done?• Dry scrubbing

– Steam lead through a compound which will absorb HCl before it enters the turbine

• Wel schrubbing– NaOH or another base sprayed into the steam to dissolve the HCl

• Binary Cycle– Heat transferred into a binary cycle through a heat exchanger

In any case, the power plant must be designed with regard to the gas treatment configuration.



Wet scrubbing - 1

Chemicals: NaOH


Wet scrubbing - 2


Wet scrubbing - 3


Dry Scrubbing

Chemicals: K2CO3,Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, CaCO3


Binary cycle


Mass Flow Rate


Thermodynamic efficiency as a function of well head pressure


Output as a function of well head pressure


Wet scrubbing - 2


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TTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION