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Verb TenseVerb TenseTense denotes the time of the action indicated Tense denotes the time of the action indicated
by a verb. The time is not always the same by a verb. The time is not always the same as that indicated by the name of the tense.as that indicated by the name of the tense.
Prof. Daphna Doron Ma.ed.Prof. Daphna Doron Ma.ed.
6 Types6 Types
Verb Tenses
Present Past FutureFuture
PerfectPast
PerfectPresent Perfect
Present TensePresent Tense
Present tense may express Present tense may express action which is going on at the action which is going on at the present time or which occurs present time or which occurs always, repeatedly, or habitually.always, repeatedly, or habitually.
Examples: He Examples: He seessees the train. the train. He He eatseats cereal for breakfast cereal for breakfast every day.every day.
Past TensePast Tense
Past tense expresses action Past tense expresses action completed at a completed at a definitedefinite time in time in the past.the past.
Examples: He Examples: He wrotewrote the letter the letter yesterday. She yesterday. She livedlived to be 90 to be 90 years old.years old.
Future TenseFuture Tense
Future tense expresses action Future tense expresses action which will take place in the future.which will take place in the future.
It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs willwill or or shall*shall* and the present tense form and the present tense form of the verb).of the verb).
Examples: He Examples: He will sendwill send the letter the letter tomorrow. I tomorrow. I shall waitshall wait here until here until you return.you return.
* Traditionally, * Traditionally, shallshall is used for 1 is used for 1stst person and person and willwill for 2 for 2ndnd and 3 and 3rdrd persons.persons.
Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense expresses action Present perfect tense expresses action completed at the present time (perfect completed at the present time (perfect means complete) or begun in the past and means complete) or begun in the past and continuing into the present.continuing into the present.
This tense uses the helping verbs This tense uses the helping verbs hashas and and havehave and the past participle of the verb. and the past participle of the verb.
Examples: Examples: He He has writtenhas written a letter to his uncle. (completed a letter to his uncle. (completed
action)action) The Waltons The Waltons have livedhave lived here for seven years. here for seven years.
(continuing)(continuing)
Past Perfect TensePast Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense expresses Past perfect tense expresses action completed action completed beforebefore certain certain time in the past. (This is the time in the past. (This is the beforebefore-past tense.)-past tense.)
It uses the helping verb It uses the helping verb hadhad and and the past participle of the verb.the past participle of the verb.
Example: She Example: She had writtenhad written the the letter before I saw her.letter before I saw her.
Future Perfect TenseFuture Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense expresses Future perfect tense expresses action which will be completed action which will be completed before a certain time in the future. before a certain time in the future. (This is the (This is the beforebefore-future tense)-future tense)
It uses the helping verbs It uses the helping verbs will havewill have or or shall haveshall have and the past and the past participle of the verb.participle of the verb.
Example: He Example: He will have finishedwill have finished the paper before next Friday.the paper before next Friday.
Verb FormsVerb Forms
Verb Forms
Regular Irregular
Regular VerbsRegular Verbs
Regular verbs form their past Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by tense and past participle by adding –ed or –d to their present adding –ed or –d to their present tense form.tense form.
More than 95% of all English More than 95% of all English verbs are regular.verbs are regular.
Regular verbs cause few Regular verbs cause few problems in speaking and problems in speaking and writing.writing.
Regular verbs and their Regular verbs and their Principal PartsPrincipal Parts
Principal Principal Parts:Parts:
Verb:Verb:
Present Present TenseTense
Present Present ParticipleParticiple
Past Past TenseTense
Past Past ParticipleParticiple
To callTo call call, call, callscalls
callingcalling calledcalled (have) (have) calledcalled
To dustTo dust dust, dust, dustsdusts
dustingdusting dusteddusted (have) (have) dusteddusted
Irregular VerbsIrregular Verbs
Irregular verbs can form their past Irregular verbs can form their past tense and past participle forms in tense and past participle forms in various way.various way.
These forms cause even native These forms cause even native speakers innumerable problems.speakers innumerable problems.
The most irregular verb of all is the The most irregular verb of all is the verb verb to beto be..
Another irregular verb that is Another irregular verb that is important for its use with other important for its use with other verbs is the verb verbs is the verb to haveto have..
Four Principal/Main PartsFour Principal/Main Parts
Principal Principal Parts:Parts:
Verb:Verb:
Present Present TenseTense
Present Present ParticipleParticiple
Past Past TenseTense
Past Past ParticipleParticiple
To BeTo Be be, am, be, am, are, isare, is
beingbeing was, was, werewere
(have) (have) beenbeen
To HaveTo Have have, have, hashas
havinghaving hadhad (have) (have) hadhad
Other Common Irregular Other Common Irregular Verbs and their Principal PartsVerbs and their Principal Parts
Principal Principal PartPart
VerbVerb
Present Present TenseTense
Present Present ParticipleParticiple
Past TensePast Tense Past Past ParticipleParticiple
To seeTo see see, see, seessees
seeingseeing sawsaw (have) (have) seenseen
To doTo do do, doesdo, does doingdoing diddid (have) (have) donedone
To flyTo fly fly, fliesfly, flies flyingflying flewflew (have) (have) flownflown
To runTo run run, runsrun, runs runningrunning ranran (have) (have) runrun
ConjugationConjugation
A conjugation of a verb is the A conjugation of a verb is the correct arrangement of its form correct arrangement of its form through its tenses, persons, and through its tenses, persons, and numbers.numbers.
PersonPerson means the speaker, the means the speaker, the person spoken to, and the person spoken to, and the person or thing spoken of.person or thing spoken of.
NumberNumber means singular or means singular or plural.plural.
Conjugation of the verb: Conjugation of the verb: to beto beTenseTense SingularSingular PluralPlural
PresentPresent I amI am
You areYou are
He, she, it isHe, she, it is
We areWe are
You areYou are
They areThey are
PastPast I wasI was
You wereYou were
He wasHe was
We wereWe were
You wereYou were
They wereThey were
FutureFuture I shall beI shall be
You will beYou will be
He will beHe will be
We shall beWe shall be
You will beYou will be
They will beThey will be
Present PerfectPresent Perfect I have beenI have been
You have beenYou have been
He has beenHe has been
We have beenWe have been
You have beenYou have been
They have beenThey have been
Past PerfectPast Perfect I had beenI had been
You had beenYou had been
He had beenHe had been
We had beenWe had been
You had beenYou had been
They had beenThey had been
Future PerfectFuture Perfect I shall have beenI shall have been
You will have beenYou will have been
He will have beenHe will have been
We shall have beenWe shall have been
You will have beenYou will have been
They will have beenThey will have been