Variants That Affect Speech

VARIANTS THAT AFFECT SPEECH

REPORTER: OLAZO, JAMAICA

1. The Aspiration of Initial /p/, /t/, /k/

2. The Syllabic Consonants

3. Vowel Length

Aspiration – refers to an explosive sound of breath brought about by the sudden release of air after the contact of parts of the speech mechanism.

Consonant Place

/p/ Bilabial

/t/ Tip-alveolar

/k/ back,-velar


ASPIRATION OF INITIAL1



3. Vowel Length

/p/, /t/ and /k/ in its initial position:Example: (initial – first letter of a name or word)

till till the end of time pick pick up the pieces

table table tennis power people power

tree tea tree top pool pool of water

cool cool morning

car car key

keep keep the change

PLOSIVESConsonant Voice

CounterpartsPlace

/p/ /b/ Bilabial

/t/ /d/ Tip-alveolar

/k/ /g/ back,-velar





3. Vowel Length

/p/, /t/ and /k/ in the medial or final position:

• Medial

apart city uncle opal

party cycle open testing

brokerapple writing banker

puppet meter paper center

market water basket operator

PLOSIVESConsonant Voice

CounterpartsPlace

/p/ /b/ Bilabial


/k/ /g/ back,-velar



VARIANTS THAT AFFECT SPEECH1. The Aspiration of Initial

/p/, /t/, /k/


3. Vowel Length

They are not aspirated in words such as: spill, skill, still. Neither are /b/, /d/, /g/ the voiced counterparts of /p/, /t/, /k/, aspirated.

tick - dick peak - beak post – boast

palm – balm rope – robe take – drake

come – gun route – rude kitten – gotten

trip – drip tuck – duck call – gallPLOSIVES

Consonant Voice Counterparts

Place

/p/ /b/ Bilabial


/k/ /g/ back,-velar


/t/ or /d/ in English Tip: Do not put the tongue between the teeth as you do in the vernacular.

Let’s practice:

tell the teacher do a dance step trick or treat

grade his work get together party take a test

pick up the piecestick tack toe good old days tour the country

Consonant Voice Counterparts Place

/p/ /b/ Bilabial


/k/ /g/ back,-velar


Mr. Tongue Twister tried to train his tongue to twist and turn, and twit an twat, to learn the letter "T".

Tongue Twister

A big black bug bit a big black dog

on his big black nose!

Tongue Twister

Pete's pa Pete poked to the pea patch to

pick a peck of peas for the poor pink pig in the pine hole pig-pen.

Tongue Twister

- are those consonants which are pronounced without a vowel in an unstressed syllable. They occur only when the stressed syllable ends in /t/, /d/, or /n/ and is followed by /l/ or /n/.

cotton sudden needle student gentle didn’t

little final accident hospital forgotten hadn’t

riddle captain curtain sentence colonel couldn’t

certain written gotten mountain bitten kernel

medal Britain bottle capital bridal crystal

THE SYLLABIC CONSONANTS

THE SYLLABIC CONSONANTS2

- are consonants which are pronounced without a vowel in an unstressed syllable.

Drill:1. The student was rushed to the hospital.

2. He had met an accident while climbing a mountain.

3. Certain people said that he shouldn’t have tried to do it.

4. Several sentences were written by the student on the board.

5. It was bright and early when the captain finally found the cotton field.

6. The model hadn’t forgotten to write a bread and butter letter.

7. The colonel didn’t have to sit and wait for the final curtain.

THE SYLLABIC CONSONANTS2

- refers to the quantity or the duration of sound, not the quality or difference in vowel sounds.

Length of a vowel sound - length of time needed to pronounce a vowel sound.

VOWEL LENGTH3

The duration of time it takes to pronounce the vowel is altered by:

• Stress – accompanies the length of a vowel sound.

Example:

Can’t he swim?No, He cant.

VOWEL LENGTH3

the seat /dh siyt/the seed /dh siyd/the heap /dh hiyp/the meal /dh miyl/

The duration of time it takes to pronounce the vowel is altered by:

• Stress

• Syllable Structure Words divided into their component syllables:

Handkerchief = hand.ker.chief

Bakery = ba.ke.ry

VOWEL LENGTH3

A period is used to mark the end

of a syllable.

Carlo: How was your vacation, Kathleen?Kathleen: Wonderful! It’s nice to be in the province once in a while and even nicer to be with relatives after sometime.Carlo: Did you have much fun?Kathleen: Lots of! Eating delicacies, swimming, dancing, meeting people, picture taking and many more. Oh, the beaches are beautiful!Carlo: So I thought.

Conversation DrillExercise

Kathleen: You should have waited for us.Carlo: I wanted to very much, but time just wasn’t enough for us to enjoy. We had to live earlier. You know the pressure of office work.Kathleen: I know, but maybe later we can find time together. Can’t we?Carlo: Sure! How about next summer?Kathleen: That would be just about right. I’ll look forward to that. Mom and Dad will surely be glad to hear about it.Carlo: So will everybody in the family.

Education

Variants That Affect Speech