By:

SHWETANSHU GUPTA

*TRANS - CULTURAL VALUES

Values are important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable.

Values have major influence on a person's behavior and attitude and serve as broad guidelines in all situations.

Value statements are grounded in values and define how people want to behave with each other in the organization

Values are different form Attitudes.

Values are general beliefs about life.

Whereas attitude are directed towards specific objects, events, or people.

Value statements describe actions, which are the living enactment of the fundamental values held by most individuals within the organization

*Types of values

Terminal Value: Terminal Values include things like happiness, self respect, family security, recognition, freedom, inner harmony, comfortable life, professional excellence, etc.

Aesthetic: Values form grace and harmony and emphasises the artistic aspects of life.

Instrumental Value:These include honesty, sincerity, ambition, independence, obedience, imaginativeness, courageousness, competitiveness, and also some negative traits too. 

*Cont’d

Theoretical: Values the discovery of truth and emphasises critical and rational approach to problem.

Economic: Values utility and practicality and emphasises standard of living.

Social: Values love of people and altruism and emphasises competition and winning.

Contribute to the shared meaning in the organization.

Binds people together as a community.

Provides people with a common language.

Tell people how to behave to achieve the organization’s vision.

Organizational values help each person establish priorities in their daily work life.

Values guide every decision that is made once the organization has cooperatively created the values and the value statements.

*IMPORTANCE OF VALUES IN AN

ORGANIZATION

Organizational values are unique to each company. 

Values should represent the culture of the business.  It’s okay to be competitive and profit driven. 

As you’re starting to plan for next year, think about your organizational values and whether they’re representative of your organization. 

Rewards and recognition within the organization are structured to recognize those people whose work embodies the values the organization embraced.

*Cont’d

Contribute to organization’s vitality and performance.

*Culture

Sir Edward Taylor’s definition in 1871 (first use of this term):“that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”

Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1952)

Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other as conditioning elements of further action.

*Cont’d It simple words it is described as “the dominant values espoused by

an organization”. The word ‘culture’ comes from Latin ‘cultura ‘, which refers to cult

or worship.

In management aspect, ’culture ‘means acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behaviour.

This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences

behaviour.

Culture is characterised by learning, sharing, trans- generational, symbolic, patterned and adaptive in nature.

*Cultural diversity

Cultural diversity is the quality of diverse or different cultures, as opposed to monoculture, as in the global monoculture, or a homogenization of cultures, akin to cultural decay.

The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other's differences.

The phrase "cultural diversity" is also sometimes used to mean the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.

*Cont’d The many separate societies that emerged around the globe differed

markedly from each other, and many of these differences persist to this day.

As well as the more obvious cultural differences that exist between people, such as language, dress and traditions, there are also significant variations in the way societies organize themselves, in their shared conception of morality, and in the ways they interact with their environment.

Cultural diversity can be seen as analogous to biodiversity

*MANIFESTATIONS OF CULTURE: DIFFERENT LEVELS:

Symbols

Values

*Cont’dSymbols: Words, gestures, objects that carry a particular meaning which is only recognized by those who share the culture.

Heroes: Persons, alive or dead, real or imaginary, who possess characteristics which are highly prized in a culture and who thus serve as models for behavior.

Rituals: Collective activities, considered socially essential.

Values: Basic assumptions about how things should be in society. They are convictions regarding right or wrong, good or bad, important or trivial. Learned implicitly. Cannot be discussed

Practices: What is visible to an outsider.

*Types of trans cultural values

Individualism can be defined as the extent to which a person values independence and personal uniqueness. The main characteristics of individualism are 1) identity is based on the individual 2) Tasks prevail over relationships 3) speaking one's mind is a sign of honesty.

Whereas collectivism is the extent to which people value duty to groups to which they belong and to group harmony. The main characteristics of collectivism are 1) identity is based on the group to which one belongs 2) relationships prevail over tasks 3) direct confrontations should be avoided.

Power distance can be defined as the extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power in a society and in an organization.

BENEFITS OF VALUES IN MANAGEMENT

Provides good basis to management for better business decisions.

Improves provided services to partners/customers real needs.

Facilitate innovation to support organization competitiveness .

Strong awareness of value culture, with good understanding of business's goals;

Good knowledge of business/ organization KPIs .

Enhance communication and the efficiency of teamwork.

Commitment from partners/customers and stakeholders.

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