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World War II
SOL USII.7
Lisa PenningtonSocial Studies Instructional Specialist
Portsmouth Public Schools
Vocabulary
• Totalitarian: type of government in which the state has control of all the citizens and no opposition is allowed.
• Fascism: political movement that stresses allegiance to the country/leader. It began in the 1920’s in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Individual freedoms are denied.
• Inflation: rise in prices resulting from an increase in the amount of money or a decrease in the amount of goods for sale.
WWII Background Info
• Political and economic conditions in Europe following World War I led to the rise of fascism and to World War II.
• The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and Asia.
• What is fascism?• Fascism is a political movement that
stresses allegiance to the country/leader and was started in the 1920s in Italy by Mussolini.
Causes of World War II
• Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I.
• Worldwide depression.• High war debt owed by Germany.• High inflation.• Massive unemployment.
Rise of Fascism
• Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied.
• Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo.
• These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis powers.
http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hitler_walking_out_of_Brow
Axis Powers
• The fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler of Germany.
http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hitler_walking_out_of_Brow
Axis Powers
• Benito Mussolini of Italy.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=9891&rendTypeId=4
Axis Powers
• Hideki Tojo of Japan.
• These three men led the countries known as the Axis Powers.
http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/img/USA-P-Strategy-18.jpg
Axis Powers
Germ
anyIta
ly
Japan
Allies
• Democratic nations were known as the Allies. The Allies included the United States.
http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zwiki/images/regions/maps/jpeg/United_States_of_America.jpg
Allies
• Great Britain
Allies
• Canada
http://www.tailor-made.co.uk/media/uploads/74/large_canada_map.jpg
Allies
• The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany.
http://www.allcountries.org/maps/soviet_union_map_2.jpg
Allies
• Allied leaders included Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S. Truman. (United States.)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/first-family/masthead_image/32fr_header_sm.jpg?1250884571
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/first-family/masthead_image/33ht_header_sm.jpg?1250884801
Allies
• Winston Churchill. (Great Britain.)
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1953/churchill.jpg
Allies
• Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union.)
http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/tmp_assets/stalin-bio.jpg
Allies
• The “Big Three” at the Potsdam Conference in 1945.
• Why do you think Churchill, Truman, and Stalin were called the “Big Three?”
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41307000/jpg/_41307179_potsdam238.jpg
Allies
United States
Canada
Gre
at Britain
Soviet U
nion
Which countries made up the Axis Powers?
Germ
anyIta
ly
Japan
Which countries made up the Allies?
United States
Canada
Gre
at Britain
Soviet U
nion
Vocabulary
• Neutrality Acts: the U.S. Congress prohibited the sale of weapons to the Allies and Axis Powers (1935).
• Cash and carry policy: the U.S. allowed warring nations to purchase arms provided they paid for them in cash and transported them in their ships (1939).
Vocabulary
• Destroyers for bases trade: President Roosevelt gave 50 destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for 99 year leases on naval and air bases in the British West Indies (1940).
• As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, American foreign policy evolved from neutrality to direct involvement.
• What is neutral? • Why do you think America
tried to remain neutral?
Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement
• Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)
Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement
• Economic aid to the Allies
• What kind of economic aid did the US provide?
Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement
• Direct involvement in the war after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec 7th, 1941.
http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/0/R/wwiip137.jpg
War in the Pacific
• Rising tension developed between the United States and Japan because of Japanese aggression in East Asia.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.viewimages
Japanese kamikaze pilots in a field drinking ceremonial sake before taking off.Kamikazes were an elite group sworn to
make a suicidal crash into an enemytarget.
War in the Pacific
• On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor without warning.
• Japan launching their attack.
• View from Japanese planes as they attack Pearl Harbor.
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g40000/g40056.jpg
War in the Pacific
• The United States declared war on Japan.
President Roosevelt signs a declaration of war on Japan on December 8, 1941. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp
War in the Pacific• Germany declared war on the
United States right after the United States declared war on Japan.
http://www.meredith.edu/summer-reading/roosevelt/images/411212DecofWarGerItal.jpg
Vocabulary
• Battle of Britain: massive bombing by planes of Great Britain by Germany.
• Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.
• V-E Day: Germany surrendered in 1945; Victory in Europe.
• V-J Day: Japan signs surrender in 1945; Victory in Japan.
Vocabulary
• Anti-Semitism: prejudice towards the Jewish people.
• Aryan supremacy: Hitler’s belief that the Germans were a master race superior to all other races and cultures.
• Holocaust: Hitler’s systematic program to exterminate the Jews in Europe.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• Germany invaded Poland in 1939, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations.
• What were the Baltic countries?
• Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~ww2oh/Timeline.htm
The aftermath of the German invasion of Poland.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• Germany invaded France, capturing Paris.
http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~ww2oh/paris.jpg
German troops march toward the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began.
http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1E418B90-D1D7-42E6-969E-886AA3B2ADD8/0/BBMF1.jpg
World War Two Battle of Britain replicas.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• The U.S. gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sherman_M4_%28Airborne_Museum%29_02.JPG
Most M4A4 Sherman Vs were Lend-Leased to allies.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and then Germany declared war on the U.S.
• How do you think Americans felt after the bombing of Pearl Harbor? A few years ago, what did many people compare Pearl Harbor to?
http://www.greatdreams.com/war/pearl-harbor-attack2.jpg http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/pearl-harbor2a.jpg
Major events and turning points of World War II
• The United States declared war on Japan and Germany.
http://www.historylink.org/db_images/timesph.JPG http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/images/infamy-address-1.gif
The first draft of Franklin Roosevelt’s war address to Congress.
Major events and turning points of World War II
• The U.S. was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. This victory was a turning point because the U.S. gained control of the Pacific Ocean.
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g10000/g17056.jpg
Major events and turning points of World War II
Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany in Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe.
http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/71986845.jpg?v=1
Major events and turning points of World War II
• American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe.
http://newsbusters.org/static/2007/06/2007-06-06D-Day.jpg
D-Day Landings
Major events and turning points of World War II
• The U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII.
• Do you think President Truman was right to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan? Why or why not?
http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/HiroshimaCloudLarge.gif
Major events and turning points of World War II
• Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan.
http://www.robertedselblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/Peace%20from%20Waterloo%20Daily%20Courier.jpg
What was the Holocaust?
• The Holocaust was Hitler’s systematic program to exterminate the Jews in Europe.
• The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and discrimination taken to an extreme. It combined anti-Semitism and Aryan supremacy in an attempt to rid Europe of all Jews.
Tactics of the Holocaust
• Boycott (refusal to buy goods and services of Jewish stores; threats, segregation, imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps.
http://www.couragetocare.com.au/SiteMedia/w3svc006/Uploads/Ig
http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images
Tactics of the Holocaust• Jews and others in
concentration camps were liberated by Allied troops. Slave laborers at
Buchenwald after liberation, showing the effects of Nazi cruelty. Included in this photo is Elie Wiesel, future Nobel Peace Prize recipient, pictured in the second row of bunks, seventh from the left, next to the vertical beam. (Photo credits: U.S. National Archives)
Vocabulary
• Rosie the Riveter: a song about a woman defense plant worker; nickname for the thousands of women who took jobs in defense plants during the war.
• Fair Employment Practices Committee: enforced the executive order of President Roosevelt that prohibited racial discrimination in defense plants.
Vocabulary
• Bracero: Mexican farm workers were allowed to temporarily enter the U.S. and work by a 1942 treaty.
• Internment camp: Japanese Americans were forced to live in camps across the U.S. and were segregated from society.
The War at Home
• World War II affected every aspect of American life.
• Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we fought.
American support of the war effort at home
• American involvement in World War II brought an end to the Great Depression. Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war.
http://www.motorbooks.com/Store/UserDirs/motorbooks.com/coverimages/140274.jpg
http://www.entnet.org/images/contributions_torpedo.jpg
Workers show off a torpedo made at a factory in Alexandria, VA.
American support of the war effort at home
• Thousands of American women took jobs in defense plants during the war (i.e., Rosie the Riveter).
http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/g
http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/1333.jpg
American support of the war effort at home
• Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources.
http://www.nps.gov/pwro/collection/website/rationing.htm
WWII ration coupons for gasoline.
The effect of WWII on race relations
• Need for workers temporarily broke down racial barriers (i.e., hiring in defense plants).
http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/ww2-pictures/images/african-americans-wwii-259.jpg
The effect of WWII on race relations
• Discrimination against African Americans continued.
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/91.1/images/sugrue_fig02b.jpg
The effect of WWII on race relations
• Many Japanese Americans served in the war, but others were treated with distrust and prejudice and many were forced into internment camps.
• What is an internment camp?
• Camps where Japanese Americans were forced to live, and where they were kept segregated from society.
http://www.ohs.org/education/focus_on_oregon_history/images/35971327.jpg
http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wwcod/image8-2.gif
