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Immigration & Urbanization
Unit 4USII 4b, d & e
Immigration and Urbanization
• How did urbanization and industrialization develop together?– Growth in urban populations from immigration
provided a steady supply of labor to factories and a market for manufactured goods
– Jobs in Cities attracted people from rural areas(emigrate) and other countries (immigration)
Immigration and Urbanization
• The growth of cities outpaced the ability of local governments – limited clean water,
garbage collection, and sewage systems into poorer areas
– so conditions in cities deteriorated.
Immigration & Urbanization
• Problems with city life• High rents, • low wages, • poor services produced misery in the midst of unprecedented
economic growth. • Slums, poverty and disease
– When the upper and middle class moved out of cities slums developed
– Tenement Apartments could cram over 4,000 people into one city block
– Overcrowding and waste disposal problems in tenement housing promoted the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis
Immigration & Urbanization
• Cities were large, crowded, and impersonal places devoted to making money.
• Corruption was rampant – in city government – city services, – in the construction industry, – among landlords – employers.
Immigration & Urbanization
• Murder was rare in the nation in the late 19th century, but rates rose in cities.
• Robbery and theft were commonplace,• Prostitution flourished more openly than before. • Cheap newspapers exaggerated increases in
crime with sensational stories. • Professional police forces were created in the
late 19th century to keep order and to protect property.
Immigration & Urbanization
• New forms of mass transportation made cities larger
– streetcars allowed people to live many miles from their jobs and commercial areas
– horse-drawn streetcars were being replaced with electric trolleys, elevated trains and subways
– Mass transportation meant people could live farther from a cities’ commercial centers
– Mass transit segregated workers by income
– wealthy lived farther from the crime, pollution and poverty of the city
– Development of middle and upper class suburbs outside the city
Immigration & Urbanization
• Skyscrapers Expensive land values in business districts led to the construction of taller buildings
• In 1885 William Le Baron Jenny built the first skyscraper with a steel frame,
• the ten story Home Insurance Company Building• Innovations that made skyscrapers possible – Abundant steel– The Otis Elevator– Central steam-heating system that put radiators in every
room
Immigration & Urbanization
• Settlement Houses• Provided social services to people living in
tenement neighborhoods– Taught English to immigrants– Provided daycare/early education–
Job training–
Neighborhood theaters and music schools• HullHouse– The most famous settlement house– Founded by Jane Addams in 1889
Immigration & Urbanization
• Hull House offered – medical care, – child care – legal aid. – provided classes for immigrants to learn English,
vocational skills, music, art and drama. • In 1893 a severe depression rocked the
country. Hull House was serving over two thousand people a week.
Immigration & Urbanization
• Jane Addams sits with immigrant children in the courtyard of Hull-House. Miss Addams was a leader in securing schooling for children.
Immigration & Urbanization
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZl4KXsaKVE&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzT8EqhuYxA&feature=related
Political Machines• Political machines
controlled the activities of political parties in the city. Ward bosses, precinct captains, and the city boss worked to ensure that their candidates were elected and that city government worked to their advantage.
Role of the Political Boss• The “Boss” (typically the
mayor) controlled jobs, business licenses, and influenced the court system. Precinct captains and ward bosses, often 1st or 2nd generation immigrants, helped new immigrants with jobs, housing, and naturalization in exchange for votes.
Boss Tweed ran NYC
