User Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide

USER-FOCUSED DIGITAL LIBRARY: A PRACTICAL GUIDE -- useful tools, tips, and practices

Qin ZhuSophia GuevaraStephen Pomes

Disclaimer

Today, I will be discussing the MMS Library. Although I am an employee of this government agency, I am not speaking as a official representative of this agency, nor will I be discussing broad policy matters or the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

-- Stephen Pomes

User-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 3

Agenda

• What is a digital library?• Understand your library environment, settings and users• Understand your digital library content

Sample of three different type of special libraries Their digital library experience

Digital content life cycle management Work with your digital library content Promote your digital library content Get insights of digital library content usage Make adjustments for your collection

• Q &A

Digital Library

Users

What is a digital library?

Digital Library

?User-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 4

Let’s do a quick survey --- What is a digital library?

Digital library is more or less about digitizing and digital preservation. A digital library is a system, a database for digitized items, such as digitized books, more or less about a system, an infrastructure. A digital library is a set of resources, especially electronic resources, more or less about digital content.


What is a Digital Library?

Digital libraries have been discussed for over twenty years, and different authors have provided various definitions.

It's beyond the scope of this presentation to discuss them all, but I will mention several.



“Digital libraries are the logical extensions and augmentations of physical libraries in the electronic information society. Extensions amplify existing resources and services and augmentations enable new kinds of human problem solving and expression. As such, digital libraries offer new levels of access to broader audiences of users and new opportunities for the library and information science field to advance both theory and practice.” (Marchionini) http://www.ils.unc.edu/~march/digital_library_R_and_D.html


http://www.ils.unc.edu/~march/digital_library_R_and_D.html

What is a Digital Library “A digital library is a distributed technology environment which

dramatically reduces barriers to the creation, dissemination, manipulation, storage, integration, and reuse of information by individuals and groups.” (Fox, p. 65) http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000377/01/TR-93-35.pdf

“This paper uses the term 'digital library' as a generic name for dynamic, federated structures that provide intellectual and physical access to the growing world-wide networks of information encoded in multimedia digital formats and examines research toward the broad goal of personalized harvesting in the information wilderness organized around agency-based architecture. Beginning from the perspective of the desktop, the researchers will explore the creation and evaluation of an architecture consisting of user interface agents, query processing agents, mediators, ontologies, and collection interface agents.” (Birmingham, et al) http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/umdl.html


http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000377/01/TR-93-35.pdf

http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/umdl.html


“A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform or other media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system.” http://en_wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Library

I would define a digital library broadly as: “A library that uses a variety of electronic technologies to store, retrieve, and transmit information in various formats.”


http://en_wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Library


Digital Library

?“ Digital libraries are a set of electronic resources and associated technical capabilities for creating, searching and using information.”

“ Digital libraries are constructed, collected and organized, by (and for) a community of users, and their functional capabilities support the information needs and uses of that community. ”

Borgman, Christine L. What are digital libraries? Competing visions, Information Processing and Management 35 (1999) 227±243


A Building Blocks Approach: -- Users and Digital Library

Users Digital Library


Let’s do a quick survey --- What type of library are you from?

From a corporate library? From a government library? From a non-profit organization library? From a research library? From a legal / law library? Other types?


Understanding the differences

• Collection development practices and funding are usually much different from that of a Corporate/academic/government library. Must be creative in finding cost-effective information resources.

• Librarian/library may find their services supplemented by outside research consultants – services sought by the client.


Do you know your users?

Users

information needs

information preferences

information seeking behavior

information consumption capabilities


User - Understand your library environment and settings

• Who is the user?

• What are the goals or your organization/clientele? What are their preferences and capabilities?

• How can you align your services with these goals in mind?

Users


User - Understand your library environment and settings

Identify users’ information needs

Identify users’ information trends

Survey your user community

Users


Taking the pulse of the organization: Surveys• Why do surveys? What is their value?

– Provides a way to learn more about your clients needs and expectations– Why make surveys anonymous

• Provide the opportunity for participants to be fully expressive and offer constructive criticism. Surveys help you catch little problems before they grow into bigger ones.

• The marketing aspect– Email creation

• Remind them that you want to provide not just good but excellent service and that their participation in the survey will help you do just that.

• Establishing valueOrganizational – A tool to learn about the organization’s current

needsParticipant – A tool to give your clients a voice


Survey implementation

• How to implement– Survey software – Surveymonkey (free version)– Select a small sample of people you have served in the last month –

expect no more than 50% to respond.• How to improve the response rate: Implement a giveaway for

participants– Example questions to ask:

• How would you rate the quality of service you received?• How satisfied are you with the turnaround time for your request?• In addition to the information services you have already received,

what other services would you like to see added? How would these services help you successfully achieve your work goals?


http://www.surveymonkey.com/

Do you know your digital content?

Digital LibraryDigital content

Digital collection

Digital access


Let’s do a quick survey --- Where is your library in terms of position to digital library?

Both print collection and digital collection A small print collection and a large digital collectionOnly digital collection


The MMS Library

Stephen Pomes, MMS Library


Disclaimer

Today, I will be discussing the MMS Library. Although I am an employee of this government agency, I am not speaking as a official representative of this agency, nor will I be discussing broad policy matters or the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

-- Stephen Pomes


Outline of Presentation

Institutional Setting – the MMS and its Library Two Sets of Customers and how the MMS Library Serves These Customers. Why is the MMS Library an Accidental Digital Library?


What is the Minerals Management Service?

The Minerals Management Service, a bureau within the United States Department of the Interior, is the Federal agency that manages the nation's natural gas, oil and other mineral resources on the outer continental shelf (OCS). The agency also collects, accounts for and disburses an average of $13.7 billion per year in revenues from Federal offshore mineral leases and from onshore mineral leases on Federal and American Indian lands. The program is national in scope and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

The Minerals Management Service was created on January 19, 1982. In 1982, Congress passed the Federal Oil & Gas Royalty Management Act, which mandates protection of the environment and conservation of federal lands in the course of building oil and gas facilities.


What is the Minerals Management Service?

The Minerals Management Service was formed out of parts of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Both Agencies are part of the United States Department of the Interior.


Reorganization of the MMS

In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, on May 19, 2010 Interior Secretary Salazar announced that MMS will be broken up into three separate divisions, which will separately oversee energy leasing, revenue collection, and safety enforcement.

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management – Will be responsible for leasing areas of the Outer Continental Shelf for conventional and renewable energy resources.

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement – Will be responsible for ensuring comprehensive oversight, safety, and environmental protection in all offshore energy activities.

Office of Natural Resources Revenue – Will be responsible for royalty and revenue management, including collection and distribution of revenue, auditing and compliance, and asset management.


The MMS Library

The MMS Library is a small technical library office located in the New Orleans metropolitan area, specifically in suburban Jefferson Parish.

Its holdings came from the merger of the older library collections from the respective BLM and USGS offices in the New Orleans area.


Materials in the MMS Library

Given the nature of the Agency's mission, the MMS Library's print holdings are related to this mission.

Until recently, the MMS Library had approximately 16,000 titles. The print titles included – but were not limited to – books, scholarly journals, conference proceedings, technical reports, and government documents.


Materials in the MMS Library

In addition to print materials, the Library had government reports, conference proceedings, and periodicals on CD-ROM.

Microfiche materials on various topics. Audiovisual materials included:

16 mm documentary films on the offshore oil and gas industry;

Carousel slide tray presentations on the offshore oil and gas industry;

DVDs VHS tapes on various topics.User-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 29

Supplementing the Library Collection

Interlibrary loans via OCLC Online services – direct access to:

Electronic journals Online bibliographic databases Full-text databases Abstracting and Indexing services


Two Groups of Customers

• Internal Customers• MMS personnel

• External Customers• Other MMS personnel at other offices• Other government agencies• Other libraries• Members of the public


Collection Development for Two Sets of Customers

• Collection development is: “the process of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a library’s materials collections in terms of patron needs and community resources, and attempting to correct existing weaknesses, if any.” (Evans, p. 15)

• Two sets of customers for the MMS Library – two very different ideas about collection development.


Who are MMS Library Internal Customers?

• The MMS is responsible for offshore oil and gas leasing, exploration, and drilling, and the environmental impacts of these offshore oil and gas activities, so the staff at MMS include a variety of professionals, including anthropologists, attorneys, computer hardware and software personnel, economists, exploration geophysicists, marine archaeologists, marine biologists, meteorologists, micropaleontologists, oceanographers, petroleum geologists, petroleum engineers, and professionals in other fields.


Collection Development for Internal Customers

• For internal customers, print and subscription based electronic materials selections based on:

• Relevance• Customer demand• Availability of funds


How Does the MMS Library Serve its Internal Customers?

• Circulating print materials, DVDs, CD-ROMs, and microfiche• Interlibrary loans via OCLC• Access to free and subscribed electronic content


How Are Electronic Materials Made Available to MMS Personnel?• In addition to hard copy materials in the Library, the Library makes electronic

materials available to MMS employees.• Links available via Library online catalog entries (Follett Software) – 856 MARC

field.• Menu page on Intranet with links to electronic content.• Intranet menu page is maintained by Multimedia and Internet Production Section

– with input by the librarian.


Typical Electronic Resources that MMS Personnel Use• On-Line Annotated Bibliography of Avian Interactions with Utility

Structures - http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/environmental/avian_bibliography/index.html

• The on-line bibliography is comprised of published literature, popular articles, newspaper stories, and industry technical papers that address avian electrocution and collision and closely related topics. Most entries attempt to describe and quantify the impacts of avian collision with transmission line wires and structures and avian electrocution as a result of contact with distribution lines and associated structures.

• Users: Any MMS personnel involved with writing environmental impact statements.


Typical Electronic Resources that MMS Personnel Use

• AAPG Datapages - http://search.datapages.com/• This service provides full-text access to these publications and organizations:

AAPG Bulletin, AAPG Special Volumes, Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Journal of Petroleum Geology, Journal of Sedimentary Research, and Mid-Continental Research (Materials from the Panhandle Geological Society, Ardmore Geological Society, Oklahoma City Geological Society, and Fort Worth Geological Society).

• Users: Oceanographers, Petroleum Engineers, Petroleum Geologists, and Petroleum Geophysicists



• International Oil Spill Conference - http://www.iosc.org/papers/search1.asp• The International Oil Spill Conference contributes to and enables a culture of

preparedness within the oil spill response community, the broader field of incident management, and society as a whole. It provides a forum for professionals from the international community, the private sector, government, and non-governmental organizations to highlight and discuss innovations and best practices across the spectrum of prevention, preparedness, response and restoration.

• Users: All MMS personnel.



• Wind Wildlife Literature Database – http://www.nrel.gov/wind/wild.html • A bibliographic database of documents of effects of wind energy

development (including towers, power lines, and other wires) on birds. The database includes documents from journals, periodicals, conference proceedings, government publications, utility company reports, books, and magazines. The database currently contains the abstracts of documents published through 1995. National Renewable Energy Laboratory intends to update this database on a regular basis, adding document citations and abstracts as more documents are published. The database is maintained by the National Wind Technology Center.

• Users: Staff members involved with writing environmental impact statements.



• Department of the Interior Library Federated Search - http://library.doi.gov/electronic/index.html

• This search engine allows the end user to search fifteen major databases simultaneously. The databases include Academic OneFile, CongressDaily, EBSCO Online, Environmental Law Reporter, Gale Directory Library, Gale Virtual Reference Library, HeinOnline, JSTOR, LexisNexis Congressional Hearings and Research Digital Collections, National Technical Reports Library, ProQuest National Newspapers, Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Digital Library, Science and Technology Collection, and U.S. Congressional Serial Set.

• Users: All MMS personnel.


Typical Electronic Resources that MMS Personnel Use• Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS) -

https://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/espis/espisfront.asp• ESPIS makes all completed ESP reports available on-line as full

electronic pdf documents, including images and graphics. Technical summaries of over 700 MMS-sponsored environmental research projects, as well as full pdf documents of over 2,000 research reports, are available for online full text search. The information is grouped geographically to locate the most useful documents. Geographic locations for the research include the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, Pacific, and Alaska. A National study is research that pertains to more than one geographic region (e.g., the effects of wind on oil spill spreading).

• Users: All MMS personnel – but especially staff members working on environmental impact statements.


Typical Electronic Resources that MMS Personnel Use• Canary Database - http://canarydatabase.org• This database is a compilation of curated peer-reviewed research articles related

to the use of animals as sentinels of human health hazards. This database contains information added by trained curators in addition to bibliographic records from MEDLINE and other well-known databases. The database includes studies of wildlife, companion, and livestock animals, where either the exposure or the health effect could be considered potentially relevant to human health.

• Users: Marine biologists, oceanographers, and other personnel involved with writing environmental impact statements.



• CiteSeer - http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/• This service provides full text to computer science and information technology

(IT) reports and research.• Users: Any MMS personnel involved with IT projects.



• IHS Standards Expert – http://www.ihs.com• This resource, from Information Handling Services, provides

access to all standards and recommended practices that MMS currently references in its regulations. These documents originate from the American Petroleum Institute and other organizations.

• Users: All MMS personnel, but especially petroleum engineers and individuals involved with writing environmental impact statements.


http://www.ihs.com/

http://www.ihs.com/


• EBSCO Online - http://search.ebscohost.com/• EBSCO Online provides full text access, according to

their website, to "thousands of e-journals containing millions of articles from hundreds of different publishers, all at one web site." Access is provided through the Dept. of the Interior Library and requires no login or password.

• Users: All MMS personnel



• Pandora - http://pandora.nla.gov.au/• Australia's Web Archive, is a growing collection of Australian

online publications, established initially by the National Library of Australia in 1996, and now built in collaboration with nine other Australian libraries and cultural collecting organizations. The materials include magazines, scholarly journals, and other web-based materials. The archive includes publications in the pure and applied sciences, medicine, engineering fields, social sciences, the arts, and the humanities. There are no restrictions on accessing the materials contained in this archive.


External Customers

• Other Federal Government Libraries• Other Federal Agencies• Citizens• Academic Libraries• Public Libraries• School Libraries• Libraries in the private sector


How Does the MMS Library Serve External Customers?• Interlibrary loans

• Print materials mailed.• Journal articles photocopied and fax.• PDFs of journal articles and other materials sent as e-mail

attachments.• E-mails sent to borrowing libraries with links to open access

journal articles• Because of budget factors, MMS Library does not participate

in Ariel.• Referrals

• Referrals to resources within MMS (e.g., ESPIS) or to materials in other government agency repositories


Collection Development for External Customers• The MMS Library serves external customers primarily through interlibrary loans.• Most of the requested materials are journal articles from open access journals• Using Worldcat.org, Directory of Open Access Journals – http://www.doaj.org,

Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB http://ezb.uni-regensburg.de/index.phtml?bibid=AAAAA&colors=7&lang=en , and other bibliographic utilities, I add open access journals that are not widely held by other libraries

• Open access journals are peer-reviewed journals that rely on grant money and/or author subsidies for their operating costs. Although they are free to libraries, they are not “free” in every sense. Despite their free status, they do have good impact factors (e.g., BioMed Central Journals).

• Materials are frequently requested, and, for each request filled, the MMS receives lending credit from OCLC.


Some Materials Provided to External Customers via Interlibrary Loan• These materials are frequently requested via OCLC Resource

Sharing• Asian Journal of Counselling -

http://hkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/journal/?page_id=289• The Asian Journal of Counselling, co-published by the HKIER and

the Hong Kong Professional Counselling Association twice a year, is the only bilingual journal related to the science and practice of counseling published in Hong Kong. The journal contains articles on theories, research and case studies of counseling and covers areas ranging from intervention to individual and group counseling, career counseling, cross-cultural and multicultural counseling, counseling training and supervision, and issues of ethics and values related to counseling. Its aim is to promote the integration of Western counseling theories and practice into Asian and Chinese cultures.


Some Materials Provided to External Customers via Interlibrary Loan

• Medicinski pregled (Medical Review) - http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/journal.aspx?issn=0025-8105

• Medical Review publishes papers from various fields of biomedicine intended for broad circles of physicians. It has the following types of articles: editorials, original studies, preliminary reports, review articles, professional articles, case reports, reports on seminars for physicians and articles from history of medicine.


Some Materials Provided to External Customers via Interlibrary Loan

• Geologica Carpathica, the official journal of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association - http://www.geologicacarpathica.sk/src/main.php

• This journal covers these topics such as experimental petrology, petrology and mineralogy; geochemistry and isotope geology; applied geophysics, stratigraphy and paleontology; sedimentology, tectonics and structural geology; and the geology of deposits.


Some Materials Provided to External Customers via Interlibrary Loan• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology - http://www.jmb.or.kr/• The Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (JMB) is monthly

journal devoted to the advancement and dissemination of scientific knowledge concerning microbiology, biotechnology, biomedicine and related academic disciplines. It covers scientific and technological aspects of microbiology, including physiology and metabolism; environmental, food, and medical microbiology; molecular microbiology; enzymology and enzyme engineering; fermentation technology; plant and animal cell cultures; bioprocess engineering; and biomedical sciences. The JMB is published and distributed by the Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (KMB).


Some Materials Provided to External Customers via Interlibrary Loan• Advances in Geosciences – http://www.advances-

in-geosciences.net/home.html• Advances in Geosciences (ADGEO) is an

international, interdisciplinary journal for fast publication of collections of short, but self-contained communications in the Earth, planetary and solar system sciences.


Why is the MMS Library an Accidental Digital Library?

For approximately ten years, I have been adding links to online content to online library catalog records (856 MARC field)

Gradually adding online subscriptions and aggregated full-text databases to library holdings

Gradually adding open access publications to library holdings



• May 1995 flood resulted in widespread flooding in New Orleans area, including the Elmwood area where the MMS office is. Library received very minor flooding

• Hurricanes Katrina and Rita damaged top three floors of the MMS office building, but library received no damage.

• General Services Administration (GSA) authorized building wide repairs and renovations – starting a series of section moves

• GSA would not authorize enough funds to reinforce the floors on the second floor – the new Library location.



• Mandate to reduce the Library’s collection from 16,000+ titles to 2,000

• Long term checkouts of print materials to staff members and sections

• Transfers and donations of print materials to other Federal Agencies, Federal Government Libraries, and to other libraries

• GSA sale of print materials• Other materials transferred to dumpster



• With a much smaller collection, how is the Library delivering library and information services?

• More interlibrary loans• More dependence upon aggregated full-text databases• I send requests to library related electronic mailing lists for

requests with short-term deadlines• Whenever possible, I use open access journals and

institutional repositories to locate materials to fill information requests

• Google Scholar is useful for locating open access versions of articles


Licensing and Authentication Issues

• Licensing and purchasing• GSA and/or the Department of the Interior negotiate

pricing and licensing for subscription based online services.

• With these policies and procedures in place, there is little need for separate negotiations.

• Authentication• Some vendors prefer IP address recognition, whereas

other vendors prefer an overall user ID and password for accesing their products.

• User-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 78

MMS Library in a Post-MMS Environment

• With the reorganization into three separate agencies, it is unclear where the MMS Library will be in the organization scheme

• With a change of Agency, there will be a change in mission and a change in focus for the Library


Digital Library under Research Organization

Qin Zhu, HP Labs


HP Labs

“HP Labs is the exploratory and advanced research group for Hewlett-Packard, tackling complex challenges facing our customers and society over the next decades, while pushing the frontier of fundamental science”


HP Labs

http://www.hpl.hp.com


http://www.hpl.hp.com

http://www.hpl.hp.com/

http://www.hpl.hp.com/

HP Labs


Research Information Services

Research Information Services Digital Library Services Records Management Technical Publications HP Labs Technical Reports


Digital Library Services

Provides information sources for researchers Provides information from discovery to delivery Publishes HP Labs Technical Reports Distributes and disseminates researchers’ publications.


Digital Library Services -- Users

World’s top scientists, researchers, and technologists

Visiting scholars, university interns

HP wide employees



Digital Library Services -- Users

Users around the global Information needs 24x7 Information needs world wide

Users with various information needs and subject interest

Different type and form of information needs In various disciplines and cross discipline areas

Digital Library Services -- Users’ information needs

State of art science and technology research informationBusiness and market informationPatent and prior art informationCurrent awareness information


Identify Researchers’ information needs

Scan research organization Keep pace with the state of art of research Sense Information inquiries Get insights from usage Communicate with researchers


HP Labs – Digital Library

Has a long history to keep pace with the state of art science and technology Applies emerging concept and technologies in library and information technology area Focuses on digital and electronic information Provides streamlined user information seeking solutions, from discovery to delivery



State of art science and technology research informationBusiness and market informationPatent and prior art informationCurrent awareness information



Provides different information access points Resource listing Ejournals listing Ebooks searchInformation discovery and delivery


Different information access points


Resource listing


Ejournals listing


Ebooks search


Information discovery and delivery


Information discovery and delivery


The Nonprofit LibraryUnderstanding the users and their

needs.

Sophia Guevara


A profile of the client

• Graduate degree in area of specialization.• Are familiar with organizations and experts in areas of interest.• Need the most up-to-date information quickly.• May rely on specialized reports produced by other nonprofits and experts in the

field rather than rely on database standbys.


Going digital in a nonprofit library

• Database standbys may not be a good fit depending on the needs/culture of the organization.

• Many of the resources of interest may be provided for free online by organizations eager to educate others on their areas of focus.

• Connect with users to determine which digital resources would propel the organization’s work forward.


Resources of interest

• Publications in the field (ex: Chronicle of Philanthropy, Foundation Review, Kids Count)

• Leading organizations (Gates Foundation, Ford Foundation, Ann E. Casey Foundation)

• Annual Reports• Consultant Reports• Work produced by thought leaders in areas of interest


Electronic books, journals and readers are altering the expectations of library users. Information professionals must start preparing how to meet these new expectations.

-- Susan Dimattia

Library Environment – Digital library approach

• Library physical and space constraints• User information needs, more digital resources• User information seeking behavior, getting

information online

Digital Library


Library Environment – Digital content

• What kind of digital content is available? E-Journals E-Books E-Reference Image collection Digital audios Digital videos Electronic databases

Digital Library


Let’s do a quick survey --- Do you have any system to help you management digital content?

Leverage ILS system? Use ERM system? Have a home grown database? Use excel to list?


Digital Content Life Cycle

1. Discovery

2. Trial

3. Selection

4. Acquisition

5. Access

6. Renew or cancel?

Tamar Sadeh, Mark Ellingsen. 2005. Electronic resource management systems: the need and the realization. New Library World 106, no. 5/6 (May 1): 208-218. http://www.proquest.com/ (accessed April 23, 2008).

Digital Library

Users


Discovery

• Aware of a new e-resource and begins to collect information that will help him or her decide if the resource should warrant further interest.

– bibliographic details, – packages in which this content may be included– terms of access (worldwide, site-based, seat-based).

• Questions to consider

Digital Library


Trial

• Try out the e-resource• Gathers the valuable feedback and other information needed to ensure that this

product is of interest to their clients, serves a worthwhile need and performs as expected.


Digital Library

Users


Content Analysis - Content

• Content level• Content coverage • Content subject focus • Content overlap

Digital Library


Content Analysis - Tools

• Content provider site• ERM system – Electronic Resource Management

system• ILS system - Integrated Library System• Comparison tools – CUFTS, databases, Excel,

write your own program

Digital Library


Internet Librarian 2008A Practical Guide to a User-Focused Digital Library

Content Analysis - Tools

111

Digital Library

http://lib-cufts.lib.sfu.ca/CUFTS/compare.cgiUser-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 111

http://lib-cufts.lib.sfu.ca/CUFTS/compare.cgi

Content Analysis - Content

• You know your collection, you know what you are looking for

• Easy to talk to content providerContent level - checkContent coverage - checkContent subject focus - checkContent overlap – check

Digital Library


Selection

• The decision– Acquire the resource?– If so, what kind of financial commitment are you making?

• Remember that when clients get used to a resource, it can be difficult to explain that you are declining access to their favorite product due to a limited budget

Digital Library


Acquisition

• Positive client feedback and the identification of a vendor that provides an efficient option for filling an information need brings us to the acquisitions process.


Digital Library


Let’s do a quick survey --- What is contract review process in your library and organization?

The librarian reviews and signs the contract Central contract management organization Global procurement organization Central operational organization


Licensing 101

• Contract template– A standard license agreement is available at Yale University's LibLicense

site: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/modlic.shtml• Connect with your procurement and legal departments. Understand what you

will and won’t accept• Understand your options in access and pricing• Be flexible

Digital Library


http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/modlic.shtml

117

Digital Content Licensing Resources

• Yale University Library – Council on Library & Information Resources. LIBLICENSE: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/

• Contract management systems• Licensing Digital Content: A Practical Guide for Librarians by Lesley Ellen Harris

Digital Library


http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/

119

Access

• With the paperwork out of the way and access to the content ensured, you now have to decide how you will provide your clients with easy access to the product. You also need to be prepared to complete routine maintenance as necessary. Encourage your clients to provide client feedback.

• Access stage questions

Digital Library


Let’s do a quick survey --- How is the digital content access managed?

We have a proxy server We provide a list of IPs Our IT department manages We get username and password from vendors


Let’s do a quick survey --- Can your users access the digital content off campus / offsite?

Yes, via VPN Yes, use their own userid No


Digital Content Deployment

• User access and authentication layerDifferent content authentication methods from

content providers IP authentication URL referral Username and password

How the different methods integrate with your existing access and authentication system Institution single sign on method Athens Proxy server

Digital Library



• Providing information access points Depending the content level, different information

access points can be provided List resource to your library resource A to Z list List resource to your library research guide, path finder List resource to your library subject guide List e-journals to your library journal/e-journal list Integrate the content at the publication level to your library catalog Implement OpenURL reference linking Provide federated search to access content from different sources Provide Alert service Provide RSS feeds

Digital Library



• Providing searching points for digital content• Is the content at top level searchable• Is the content at publication level findable• Is the content at fulltext level searchable

Digital Library


Let’s do a quick survey --- Do you have federated search for your library?

Yes No No, but we point Google Scholar


Let’s do a quick survey --- Do you have OpenURL resolver for your library?

Yes, we have one locally installed Yes, we have one hosted by vendor No



• Content integration Integrate and aggregate content from different

providers Journal A to Z list Library Catalog Federated Search Federated Alerts Integrate content to designated site via RSS feed Creating content resource referencing via OpenURL

Digital Library


Promoting Digital Content

• Why should you promote?• Increase the value of your library in users’ eyes

• What should you promote – clientele• Ease of use and accessibility• 24 hour availability of content

• What should you promote – key decision makers• Improved efficiency and efficacy

Digital Library


Marketing to the client – developing your plan• Who are your clients?

– Who are your best clients?• Why are they your best clients? What is it about your

interactions with this group that keeps them coming back for more?

– Who do you need to bring into the fold?• Why are they not utilizing you as often as they could (or

should)?• Identify differences in the interactions you have with this

group compared to your best clients.• How can you create more opportunities to connect and

show value to this group?User-Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide | 130


• Using various technologiesWeb 1.0 – web portal/web

sites/newslettersWeb 2.0 – RSS feed/social networking toolsWeb 3.0 – mobilize your digital content…

Digital Library

Users



• Make the content part of user information searching and using flow

• Let the content work for you, not you work on the content

• Follow your users trends• Go where your users go

Digital Library

Users


Let’s do a quick survey --- Do you gather and view usage?

Yes, we go to vendor site Yes, vendors sending usage email to us Yes, we use a usage collecting service Yes, we get from our ERM system No


Reviewing usage

• Why is this important?• The collection of usage statistics

– Systems: ERM’s– SUSHI

• Various methods of statistic collection– Site visits, page visits, time spent on site, downloads, etc.– COUNTER

Digital Library


Internet Librarian 2008

Reviewing usage

• Study your site log files• Understand your user behavior• Understand how your users access the

content within your organization -- Put your information resource usage under your

organization context

Digital Library

Users


Renew or cancel

• With your subscription coming to an end, it is up to you to determine if the resource will remain in your electronic collection.


Digital Library

Users


Enhance the flow

Users Digital Library


Let the Sun Shine on Your E-Resources

UsersDigital Library


“Making sure your customers know about the electronic resources in your collection will help demonstrate your value to your organization”

-- Janice Lachance, SLA CEO

Thank You!

Questions&

Answers

Qin Zhu – [email protected] Guevara - [email protected] Pomes - [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]



Further Reading• Zhu, Q and Guevara, S. “A practical guide for building a user-focused digital

library collection.” Computers in Libraries, Vol. 29, Issue 4, 2009

• Licensing Digital Content: A Practical Guide for Librarians by Lesley Ellen Harris.

• Lachance, S. “Let the sun shine on your E-Resources”. Information Outlook, Vol. 14, No 04, 2010.

• Dimattia, S. “Showing our strengths”. Information Outlook, Vol. 14, No 04, 2010.• Newman, M. L. “Collections strategies for electronic books” Information Outlook,

Vol. 14, No 04, 2010.• Alford, E and Schroeder, H. “Promoting electronic resources to different

audiences” Information Outlook, Vol. 14, No 04, 2010.• Scotti, G. J. “Proving Value and Return on Investment” Information Outlook, Vol.

14, No 04, 2010.


References• Birmingham, W. P., et al. "The University of Michigan Digital Library: This is not

your father's library." Digital Libraries '94. John L. Schnase, et al.editors: College Station, Texas, Texas A&M University. 1994. 53-59. Web. Accessed 8 Jun 2010. <http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/DL94/paper/umdl.html>.

• “Digital Libraries.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 4 June 2010. Web. Accessed 6 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Library>

• Evans, G. Edward, and Margaret R. Zarnosky. Developing Library and Information Center Collections. 4th ed. Greenwood Village, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, 2000.

• Fox, Edward A. "Source Book on Digital Libraries." Computer Science Technical Reports. Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 06/12/1993. Web. Accessed 8 Jun 2010. <http://eprints.cs.vt.edu/archive/00000377/01/TR-93-35.pdf>.

• Marchionini, Gary. "Research and Development in Digital Libraries." Gary's Home Page. School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, n.d. Web. Accessed 8 Jun 2010. <http://www.ils.unc.edu/~march/digital_library_R_and_D.html>.


References• Borgman, Christine L. “What are digital libraries? Competing visions”,

Information Processing and Management . 35 (1999) 227-243. • Tamar Sadeh, Mark Ellingsen. 2005. ”Electronic resource management systems:

the need and the realization”. New Library World 106, no. 5/6 (May 1): 208-218. http://www.proquest.com/ (accessed April 23, 2008).


Education

User Focused Digital Library: A Practical Guide