Usage Of Dual Axis Solar Tracking System

( Advanced Sensor And Real Time Clock based Intelligent System For Energy Harvesting)

ByA.R.ISRAII – Year

B.tech – ECE

Energy crisis is the most important issue in

today‘s world.

Solar cells (Renewable energy solutions) are becoming

increasingly popular

.

INTRODUCTION

Solar Energy System

SOLAR TRACKER

An electro mechanical device

orienting a solar photovoltaic panel in the

direction of the sun. It may be

•Single-axis

•Dual-axis

Increasing by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a

tracking system instead of a stationary array

A digital system to calculate sun radiation

Stepper motor and photo resistors to redirect

the panel

Position angles in registers

COMPONENTS

Photo resistors

Microcontrollers

Timers and Stepper motors

• Photo resistorCadmium sulphide

(CdS) photo resistor •A Passive element

•Placed in series with another resistor

•Stepper motorPositioning control applications. Five characteristics are considered

• Micro ControllerThe ATMEGA32 microcontroller Requires a 5 volt regulated voltage supply. 7805‘ voltage regulator.

It has•Analog comparator•Analog to digital converter•Universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Algorithm:• In the proposed algorithm two variables I and

Count have been used. I represents total number of rotation the motor must make to track the sun from dawn to dusk.

• Time are considered for tracking, (2Ҳ15°=) 30°of rotation is not required to be done by the solar tracker. Half stepping of stepper motor is considered.

1. Approximately 40 rotations are required per day.

Normal day light condition

• Two photo resistors are used in the solar tracker to compare the output voltages from two junctions.

• AIN0 needs to provide higher voltage than AIN1 to sense the rotation of the sun. This condition is considered as normal day light condition and tracker

• rotates the panel 3.75° after every 15 minutes.

Bad weather condition• Microcontroller will use the variable Count to check for

consecutively 10 times to make the wait‘ state equal to 15 minutes (moderate delay) to rotate the stepper motor one step

Bidirectional rotation

• At day time, the solar tracker will rotate in only one direction from east to west. Variable I will count the rotations

RESULTS & ANALYSIS

PROTOTYPE