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04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
1
Government and the State
Chapter 1 sec 1
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
2
The Essential Questions
I. What is a government?
II. What is a state?
III. What are the origins of the state?
IV. What are the forms of government?I. Democracy versus autocracy.
V. How does geography play a role?
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
3
I. What is a government?
A. What is government?
B. How does it exercise power?
C. What is the purpose of government?
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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A. What is a government?
• A government is an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.
• Public policies consist of:– Taxation, control of crime,
education, transportation, environment, civil rights and working conditions.
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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B. How does it exercise power?
• A government must have power in order to fulfill these goals. This power consists of:– Legislative: the power to write the law– Executive: the power to enforce the law– Judicial: the power to interpret laws
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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C. What is the purpose of government?
• The purpose of government is to maintain order in society.– Chaos is Bad
• The authority in order to do this can come from several sources.– Force– Evolutionary– Divine Right– Social Contract
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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II. What is a State?
A. What is a state?
B. What does it represent?
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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A. What is a state?
• A state can be defined as a body of a people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, and the ability to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority.
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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B. What does it represent?
• A state must represent a population or people.
• A state must have authority over a territory
• States are sovereign, or the power to make laws over its region.
• Must be politically organized, or have a government.
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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III. What are the origins of a state?
A.Evolutionary Theory
B.Force Theory
C.Divine Right
D.The Social Contract
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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A. Evolutionary Theory
• Government comes from family structure.– Patriarchal Society
• Nations evolved over time.– Families– Clans– Tribes– Nations
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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B. Force Theory
• The Strong rule.– Those who have
strength can enforce authority over others.
– Those who maintain authority by force.
• Genghis Khan• Feudal estates.• The 400 lb. Gorilla
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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Force Theory
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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C. Divine Right
• Power comes from God and is given to a ruling monarch.– Power is hereditary and
Absolute– Popular in Europe from
1200-1919– Louis XIV is a good
Example– Egyptian Pharaoh
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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D. The Social Contract
• Developed to oppose Divine Right.• Product of the Enlightenment era.
– Thomas Hobbes believed the people could have a Social Contract with a Monarch.
• A Social Contract is agreement between the ruler and the people..
– John Locke stated that power comes from the Consent of the governed.
• People had right to revolt.
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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A Social Contract
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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Terms to know.
• Government• State• Public Policy• Legislative Power• Executive Power• Judicial Power
• Force Theory• Divine Right• Evolutionary• Social Contract
04/12/23
12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time
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Summary
• There are 4 characteristics of a state.
• Governments are the decision making apparatus of a state and can take various forms
• There are 4 sources of power for a state.