Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
With
Mr. Luzadder
5th Grade
Plain Elementary
Simpsonville, South Carolina
THE COLD WAR ERA
SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST 2
• The student will demonstrate an understanding of the social, economic, and political events that influenced the United States during the Cold War era.Standard 5-5
Indicators
• Summarize the impact of cultural developments in the United States following World War II, including the significance of pop culture and mass media and the population shifts to the suburbs. (G, H) 5-5.1
• Summarize changes in the United States economy following World War II, including the expanding job market and service industry, consumerism, and new technology. (E, P, H)5-5.2
•Explain the course of the Cold War, including differing economic and political philosophies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States, the spread of Communism, McCarthyism, the Korean Conflict, the Berlin Wall, the space race, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Vietnam War. (P, G, E, H)5-5.4
•Explain the political alliances and policies that impacted the United States in the latter part of the twentieth century, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). (P, H, E, G)5-5.5
5-
United Nations
NATO
Richard Nixon
Neil Armstrong
Vietnam Confl ict
Propaganda
John Glenn
Joseph McCarthy
Berlin Airlift
THE COLD WAR ERA
4
World War II
The 1950s
5
Movies• Fantasia (1940)• Citizen Kane (1941)• Lassie Come Home (1942)• Bambi (1942)• Casablanca (1943)
Radio Programs
• Dick Tracy
Book
• Curious George
Comics
• Superman
• Batman
• Captain America
Songs
• “Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy”
• “I’m Dreaming of a White Christmas”
• “Zip-A-Dee-Dooh-Dah”
• “You Are My Sunshine”
Arts & Literature
WORLD WAR II
6
1940• Penicillin• Morton Salt• Tiffany’s become the first fully air-
conditioned store.• M & Ms1945• The first atomic bomb was tested1946• Electric blanket
1947• The Slinky• Elmer's Glue1948• The transistor • Polaroid camera1949• Silly Putty• The first atomic clock
What’s New
WORLD WAR II
7
1940• Jack Nicklaus is born1941• Jesse Jackson is born• Wilma Rudolph is born• Lou Gehrig dies1942• Muhammed Ali is born• Aretha Franklin is born1943• Arthur Ashe is born• George Washington Carver dies
1946• Bill Clinton is born1947• Steven Spielberg is born• Henry Ford dies1948• Prince Charles is born• Orville Wright dies• Babe Ruth dies
Births & Deaths
WORLD WAR II
8
1940• Winston Churchill becomes prime
minister of Great Britain.1941• Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.1944• Allied forces land at Normandy 1945• Mussolini is killed• Hitler commits suicide• Germany surrenders• Japan surrenders
1947• The Dead Sea Scrolls are discovered1948• The Jewish state of Israel is
proclaimed• The Olympic Games are held in
London1949• NATO is established• The Soviet Union tests its first atomic
bomb.
What Happened
WORLD WAR II
9
1850 23,191,8761860 31,443,3211870 38,555,9831880 50,189,2091890 62,947,7141900 76,094,0001910 92,407,0001920 106,461,0001930 123,076,741
1940 132,122,4461950 152,271,4171960 180,671,1581970 205,052,1741980 227,224,6811990 249,438,7122000 281,421,906 2010 308,745,538
U.S. Population
WORLD WAR II
10
1930 $ 1,970.00*1940 $ 1,725.00*1950 $ 2,799.16*1960 $ 4,007.121970 $ 6,186.241980 $12,513.461990 $21,027.982000 $32,154.002010 $40,711.61*
http://www.ssa.gov/oact/cola/AWI.html
*Approximated
.
Average Wages
WORLD WAR II
11
Median Average1930 $ 3,845*1940 $ 3,920*1950 $ 8,450*1960 $ 12,700*1970 $ 23,6001980 $ 62,900 $ 72,4001990 $125,000 $151,7002000 $163,500 $200,0002010 $218,000 $283,400
http://www.census.gov/const/uspricemon.pdf *Approximated
.
Cost of a New Home
WORLD WAR II
12
1930 $600.001940 $850.001950 $1,510.001960 $2,610.001970 $3,450.001980 $7,200.001990 $16,950.0020002010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/
.
Average Cost of a New Car
WORLD WAR II
13
1930 $ .101940 $ .111950 $ .181960 $ .251970 $ .361980 $1.191990 $1.342000 $1.492010 $2.78
.
Average Cost of a Gallon of Gas
WORLD WAR II
14
1930 $ .091940 $ .101950 $ .121960 $ .221970 $ .251980 $ .501990 $ .7020002010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com
.
Average Cost of a Loaf of Bread
WORLD WAR II
15
1930 $ .121940 $ .201950 $ .301960 $ .451970 $ .701980 $ .991990 $ .8920002010
http://www.thepeoplehistory.com
.
Average Cost of 1lb. Of Hamburger
WORLD WAR II
16
1910 $ .071920 $ .25*1930 $ .35*1940 $ .241950 $ .46*1960 $ .51*1970 $1.551980 $2.691990 $4.232000 $5.392010 $7.89
.
Average Cost of a Movie Ticket
WORLD WAR II
17
1930 $ .021940 $ .031950 $ .031960 $ .041970 $ .071980 $ .151990 $ .252000 $ .332010 $ .44
.
Cost of a Postage Stamp to Send 1 oz.
WORLD WAR II
18
Average Life Expectancy Men Women
1900 47.9 49.21910 49.9 53.21920 55.5 57.41930 58.1 61.61940 60.8 65.21950 65.6 71.11960 66.6 73.11970 67.1 74.71980 70.0 77.41990 71.8 78.82000 74.3 79.72010http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005148.html
Average Life Expectancy After Age 65
Men Women1900 + 11.5 + 12.21910 + 11.2 + 12.01920 + 12.2 + 12.71930 + 11.7 + 12.8 1940 + 12.7 + 14.71950 + 13.1 + 16.21960 + 13.2 + 17.41970 + 13.8 + 18.61980 + 14.6 + 19.11990 + 15.3 + 19.620002010http://www.ssa.gov/history/lifeexpect.html
Life Expectancy
WORLD WAR II
19
1850 $ 63,452,773.551860 $ 64,842,287.881870 $ 2,480,672,427.811880 $ 2,120,415,370.631890 $ 1,552,140,204.731900 $ 2,136,961,091.671910 $ 2,652,665,838.04 1920 $ 25,952,456,406.161930 $ 16,185,309,831.431940 $ 42,967,531,037.68
1950 $ 257,357,352,351.041960 $ 286,330,760,848.371970 $ 370,918,706,949.931980 $ 907,701,000,000.00*1990 $ 3,233,313,451,777.252000 $ 5,674,178,209,886.862010 $13,561,623,030,891.79
National Debt
WORLD WAR II
20
The Cold War Era
The Cold War Era
21
Essential Questions
What concerns did the United States have concerning Europe following World War II?
THE COLD WAR ERA
22
The Cold War
• The Cold War was a struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the early 1990s that was fought with ideas, words, and money, but with no direct conflict between the two countries.
• The Soviet Union was a communist country.
• Communism is a political and economic system in which the government owns all businesses and land.
THE COLD WAR ERA
23
The Cold War
• The Truman Doctrine was the strategy that the United States would use to keep communism from spreading.
• The Marshall Plan was a program under which the United States provided funds to help European countries rebuild after World War II.
THE COLD WAR ERA
24
The United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization formed in 1945 to promote peace and end conflict.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The United Nations
Map of UN member states and their dependent territories as recognized by the UN. Non-members shown: Vatican City, Palestinian territories, Western Sahara.
The United Nations
United Nations General Assembly hall in New York City.
The United Nations
The interior of the Security Council chambers. The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, including 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
The United Nations
“Knotted Gun” outside the United Nations headquarters.
The United Nations
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, is a military alliance among the nations of Western Europe and the United States in which they agreed to help each other if attacked by the Soviet Union.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The United Nations
NATO countries in blue (2009)
31
Essential Questions
What was the Berlin Airlift?
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Berlin Airlift
East & West Germany
33
The Berlin Airlift
• Berlin was located 100 miles inside the Soviet occupation zone. Like the country of Germany, Berlin, the former capital of Germany, was divided into four sectors.
• A formal agreement was never made with the Soviet Union allowing access to Berlin by road or train.
• On April 1, 1948, the Soviets began restricting traffic between the American, British and French occupation zones and Berlin. They also announced that no cargo could leave Berlin by rail without the permission of the Soviet commander.
THE COLD WAR ERA
34
The Berlin Airlift
• On June 24, the Soviets severed communications between the non-Soviet zones and Berlin. They also stopped all rail and barge traffic in and out of the city.
• On June 25, the Soviets cut off electricity and stopped supplying food to the civilian population in the non-Soviet sectors of Berlin.
• Automobiles were allowed to go to the western zones from Berlin, but this required a 14 mile detour to a ferry crossing.
THE COLD WAR ERA
35
The Berlin Airlift
• The United States and Great Britain flew over 200,000 flights that provided 13,000 tons of food daily. Seventeen American and eight British aircraft crashed during the airlift. A total 101 people were killed in the operation.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Berlin Airlift
C-47s unloading at Tempelhof Airport in Berlin during the Berlin Airlift.
The Berlin Airlift
Berlin civilians watching an airlift plane land at Templehof Airport in 1948
38
The Berlin Wall
• The Berlin Wall was a barrier built by East Germany that completely enclosed the city of West Berlin, separating it from East Germany, including East Berlin. The wall included guard towers and large concrete walls. East Germany began building the wall in August of 1961.
• There were eight border crossings between East and West Berlin, which allowed visits into East Berlin by West Berliners, West Germans, Western foreigners and citizens of other socialist countries, if they received the necessary permission.
THE COLD WAR ERA
39
The Berlin Wall
• While the Berlin Wall existed, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin. During these same years, at least 136 deaths of people trying to defect from East Germany have been confirmed.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Berlin Wall
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall in 1961
The Berlin Wall
East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall in 1961
The Berlin Wall
Eastern Bloc countries, also known as Communist Bloc countries or Soviet Bloc countries, were Eastern European communist countries that aligned themselves with the Soviet Union.
43
Essential Questions
What was the Korean War?
THE COLD WAR ERA
44
The Korean War
• The Korean War was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, backed by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, backed by China and the Soviet Union. The war began in June of 1950 and an armistice was signed in July of 1953.
THE COLD WAR ERA
45
Essential Questions
What was the Red Scare?
THE COLD WAR ERA
46
The Red Scare
• Joseph McCarthy was a senator from Wisconsin. In 1950 he gave a speech in which he claimed that communists were working in the State Department. His accusation was investigated by a Senate committee but was found to be groundless. Undeterred, McCarthy continued his battle by accusing various public figures of being communists often with little, if any, evidence.
THE COLD WAR ERA
47
The Red Scare
McCarthyism is “the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, especially of pro-Communist activity, in many instances unsupported by proof or based on slight, doubtful, or irrelevant evidence.”
Source: "mccarthyism." Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 09 Apr. 2012. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mccarthyism>.
THE COLD WAR ERA
48
Essential Questions
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
THE COLD WAR ERA
49
The Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over nuclear missiles in Cuba.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Cuban Missile Crisis
On October 14, 1962, a U-2 spy plane piloted by Major Richard S. Heyser photographed the Soviet military installing nuclear warhead missiles in Cuba.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Adlai Stevenson shows aerial photos of Cuban missiles to the United Nations in November 1962.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
U-2 reconnaissance photo, Cuba, 1962
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Rudolf Anderson, Jr.
54
The Cuban Missile Crisis
• On a reconnaissance flight over Cuba to photograph the construction of ballistic missile sites and nuclear storage facilities on October 27, Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr. was shot down by a Soviet SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile. He was the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was flying a U-2 spy plane.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Lockheed U-2R/TR-1 is single-seat, single-engine, high-altitude (70,000 feet) surveillance aircraft flown by the United States Air Force.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
The Berlin Wall
Rudolf Anderson, Jr. received the first Air Force Iron Cross ever awarded. The Iron Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force.
58
Air Force Cross Citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Title 10, Section 8742, United States Code, takes pride in presenting the Air Force Cross (Posthumously) to Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr., United States Air Force, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a U-2 airplane with the 4080th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing, Strategic Air Command (SAC), from 15 October 1962 to 27 October 1962. During this period of great national crisis, Major Anderson, flying an unescorted, unarmed aircraft, lost his life while participating in one of several aerial reconnaissance missions over Cuba. While executing these aerial missions, Major Anderson made photographs which provided the United States government with conclusive evidence of the introduction of long-range offensive missiles into Cuba and which materially assisted our leaders in charting the nation's military and diplomatic course. Through his extraordinary heroism, superb airmanship, and aggressiveness in the face of the enemy, Major Anderson reflected the highest credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.
THE COLD WAR ERA
Rudolf Anderson
• Rudolf Anderson Jr. was born in Spartanburg, SC, on September 15, 1927.
• He graduated from Greenville High School in 1944.
• He graduated from Clemson University in 1948 with a degree in textile engineering.
• He and his wife, Frances, had three children.
• He was buried at Woodlawn Memorial Park on November 6, 1962
Rudolf Anderson
Rudolf Anderson
On May 19, 1963, this F-86 Saber Jet, similar to the ones which he flew in Korea, was dedicated in his honor. The Saber Jet was Major Anderson’s favorite plane to fly.
Rudolf Anderson
• Dedicated to Major Rudolf Anderson Jr.
• Sept. 15, 1927 – Oct. 27, 1962
• In a period of great international stress he performed his duty of great responsibility with honor. He was awarded the distinguished service medal and gave his life that America could proceed on a course toward peace without the threat of tyrants.
Rudolf Anderson
• While on a thirteen mile high reconnaissance mission over Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, On October 27, 1962, Major Rudolf Anderson, Jr., a U-2 pilot, was shot down by a Soviet SA-2 surface-to-air missile. He was the only man of any nationality to lose his life in the conflict and that was the key event that avoided war with the U.S.S.R.
• Major Anderson was a senior pilot with over 3,000 hours flying time, of which over 1,000 hours were as a U-2 pilot.
• He served in the Korean War as a reconnaissance pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with two Clusters.
Rudolf Anderson
• President John F. Kennedy awarded Major Anderson the Distinguished Service Medal and the first Air Force Cross posthumously.
• Major Anderson’s shoot down and Supreme Sacrifice over Cuba was particularly significant in had this not happened, experts of the Cuban Missile Crisis agree that the United States would have stumbled into a cold war.
• On May 19, 1963, this F-86 Saber Jet, similar to the ones which he flew in Korea, was dedicated in his honor and was re-dedicated on its 35 th anniversary, May 19, 1998. The Saber Jet was Major Anderson’s favorite plane to fly.
65
Essential Questions
What was the Vietnam Conflict?
THE COLD WAR ERA
66
The Vietnam Conflict
• The Vietnam Conflict was a conflict in the 1960s and 1970s in which the United States sent soldiers to South Vietnam to try to prevent communists from taking over the nation.
THE COLD WAR ERA
67
Essential Questions
What was the Space Race?
THE COLD WAR ERA
68
The Space Race
• The space race was a race between the United States and the Soviet Union to explore outer space during the Cold War.
THE COLD WAR ERA
The Space Race
John Glenn was the first American astronaut to orbit Earth.
The Space Race
Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut who was the first person to walk on the moon, in 1969.
The Space Race
Neil Armstrong, Alan Shepherd, Buz Aldrin
The Space Race
Neil Armstrong stepping onto the moon’s surface
The Space Race
An American astronaut on the Moon
