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UnderstandingEarth’s Structure
The Earth's structure consists of three parts: the crust, mantle and the core. The crust is on the outside, while the mantle is in the middle and the core is in the inside. The core is divided into two parts, the inner core and the outer core.
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Understanding Earth’s Structure
The structure of the Earth is similar to that of an egg. The Earth's crust is like the shell of an egg, its mantle is like the egg white and the core is like the yolk.
THE CRUSTThe crust is found beneath mountain ranges and is as thick as 40 kilometers. But the Earth's crust under oceans is only about 8 kilometers thick.
40 k
ms
8 kms
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MANTLEParts of the Earth's mantle is made up of rock so hot that it is liquid or molten. This molten rock seeps through cracks in the crust and pour out of volcanoes. This is called lava. When the lava cools down, it turns to rock and stone.
COREThe Earth's core is mostly made up of iron, scientists believe. They strongly feel that the inner core is solid while the outer core is in a liquid state.
CrustMantle
Outer coreInner core
Understanding Earth’s Structure
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COOL INFOThe crust and the rocky upper layer of the mantle is called the lithosphere which is made up of huge plates that move very slowly. These plates may collide, pull apart or even grind against each other. When these plates collide, one slips beneath the other and this pushes up mountains and forms trenches in oceans.
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Understanding Earth’s Structure
RidgePlate
TrenchMantle
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INTERESTING FACTSScientist understand the composition of the Earth's interior better by studying seismic waves. Seismic waves are vibrations that spread out from the epicenter of earthquakes. Their strengths are measured and recorded when they reach the Earth's surface. They have also revealed that the lithosphere which consists of plates that move as a result of convection currents in the mantle is about 100 kilometers thick. The mantle is measured at 2,900 kilometers of thickness. An estimate of the core's temperature range from 4,000 to 6,000 degrees Celsius.
Understanding Earth’s Structure
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PROJECT
What kind of rocks are found in the mantle?
The oceanic crust is made up of two primary metals? Name them.
Apart from using seismic waves to identify the structure of the Earth, what other techniques are used to do the same?
Understanding Earth’s Structure
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