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Atoms &Molecules
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hemistry for Kids
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electron(-)
proton(+)+neutron (o)
It’s like this....
Matter can be described as anyobject that occupies space and hasweight and mass. It is always found
in one of three states- solid, liquidor gas, but no matter which state
it is in, matter is made up of microscopic particles called atoms.An atom is a particle that is the most basic unit of matter. Any
substance, whether solid, liquid or gas, is made up of millions ofthese tiny particles. The word atom comes from the Greek word'atomos' meaning indivisible.
Atoms & Molecules
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The theory that matter is made up of these tiny particles was
put forth by ancient Indian and Greek scientists. However thistheory could not be proven because of the lack of technology.These miniscule particles are so tiny that they can only beobserved with a very powerful instrument called a 'scanning
tunneling microscope'. With its help scientists were able observeand records the nature of this tiny particle.
Atoms & Molecules
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Electron
Orbit
Nucleus(protons + neutrons)
Egg
Atoms & Molecules
The structure of an atom very closely resembles that of an egg.It has a nucleus in the middle like the yolk of an egg. This part
is made up of positively chargedprotons and neutrally chargedneutrons. Around the nucleus arenegatively charged electronslike the white of an egg whichrotate around the nucleus infixed orbits.
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Atoms & Molecules
The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number.Therefore if an atom has the atomic number 8 means thatthere are 8 protons in the nucleus and that the atom is of theelement Oxygen. You can also safely say that all oxygen atomswill have 8 protons.
When two or more atoms combine they give rise to a molecule. Amolecule can be made up of many atoms of the same element asin the case of 2 oxygen atoms combining to form O Or
Atomic number = Number of protons
2
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H H
O
+ +
-H H
O
+ +Atoms & Molecules
-H H
O+ +
-H H
O
+ +
H
H
O
+
+ -
a combination of atoms of differentelements where 2 hydrogen atomscombine with one oxygen atom to formH O (water). There are 112 elements
known to man, so can you imagine thedifferent permutations and combinationsof molecules that can exist freely innature or be synthesized in a laboratory?
2
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