Lecturer: Nika ChitadzeStudent: Tamar MkurnalidzeCourse: World Political and Social Geography

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

WHAT IS THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE UK?

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IS GREAT BRITAIN THE SAME AS THE UK?

NO, GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM REFER TO DIFFERENT AREAS.GREAT BRITAIN IS VERY OFTEN, BUT INCORRECTLY, USED AS A SYNONYM FOR THE SOVEREIGN STATE PROPERLY KNOWN AS THE 'UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND' (UK).(THE UK INCLUDES GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND)

GREAT BRITAIN

UNITED KINGDOM

ENGLAND

SCOTLAND

WALES

GREAT BRITAIN HAS AN AREA OF 229,850 KM² (88,745 SQ. MI.) AND IS THE LARGEST ISLAND OF THE BRITISH ISLES.

IS GREAT BRITAIN THE SAME AS BRITAIN?

Great Britain and Britain do not mean the same thing.

Great Britain is made up of Scotland, England and Wales, where as Britain is just England and Wales.

ORIGINS OF THE NAMES

BRITAINBRITAIN WAS THE NAME MADE POPULAR BY THE ROMANS WHEN THEY CAME TO THE BRITISH ISLANDS.

GREAT BRITAINTHE TERM GREAT BRITAIN WAS FIRST USED DURING THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I OF ENGLAND (JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) IN 1603, TO REFER TO THE SEPARATE KINGDOMS OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND ON THE SAME LANDMASS, THAT WERE RULED OVER BY THE SAME MONARCH. DESPITE HAVING THE SAME MONARCH, BOTH KINGDOMS KEPT THEIR OWN PARLIAMENTS.

ENGLANDENGLAND USED TO BE KNOWN AS ENGLA LAND, MEANING THE LAND OF THE ANGLES, PEOPLE FROM CONTINENTAL GERMANY, WHO BEGAN TO INVADE BRITAIN IN THE LATE 5TH CENTURY, ALONG WITH THE SAXONS AND JUTE.

WHERE IS THE UK?

THE UK IS SITUATED NORTH-WEST OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE NORTH SEA. IT HAS A TOTAL LAND AREA OF 244,100 SQUARE KILOMETRES, OF WHICH NEARLY 99% IS LAND AND THE REMAINDER INLAND WATER. FROM NORTH TO SOUTH IT IS ABOUT 1,000 KILOMETRES LONG.

WHAT IS THE OFFICIAL NAME OF THE UK?

"UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND".

WHEN WAS THE UK FORMED (MADE)?

THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK) WAS FORMED IN ON JANUARY 1, 1801 AND CONSTITUTES THE GREATER PART OF THE BRITISH ISLES.

WHAT ARE PEOPLE CALLED IN THE UK?

PEOPLE IN THE UK ARE CALLED BRITISH ALTHOUGH THEY HAVE DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES.

 IT IS MADE UP OF THE INDIVIDUAL FLAGS OF THREE OF THE KINGDOM'S COUNTRIES ALL UNITED UNDER ONE SOVEREIGN - THE COUNTRIES OF 'ENGLAND, OF 'SCOTLAND' AND OF 'NORTHERN IRELAND' (SINCE 1921 ONLY NORTHERN IRELAND HAS BEEN PART OF THE UNITED KINGDOM).

THE CROWN

The monarch is the head of the state and symbol for the unity of the nation. The monarchy is hereditary.

The monarchs powers:

Dissolve Parliament.

Appoint government ministers, judges, officers etc.

Confer peerages and knighthoods.

Remit sentences to convicted criminals.

Declare war or make peace

WHITEHALL Her majestys government governs in the name of the Queen.

The leader of the majority party form a government.

The ministers are members of the House of Commons or the House of Lords.

Most governments consist of 100 ministers.

The core is the Cabinet with 20 ministers.

The Prime Minister is the leader of the Cabinet. The ministers have to obey the Prime Minister. All senior government ministers have the title of Secretary of State. They have junior ministers to help them with the workload.

The Civil Service administers the decisions of ministers. The Civil Service employs almost 500 000 people. It is expected that the Civil Service does its work in a impartial way. The Cabinet Office is the heart of the Civil Service.

The Cabinet Office is running the whole Civil Service and serving ministers. The Permanent Secretary is the leader of a ministery. There is a strong tradition of loyalty on the part of civil servants towards their ministers.

WESTMINSTER

Parliament is known as Westminster. Parliament is the seat of British democracy. Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the state.

Parliaments function: To pass laws. Raise enough money through taxation. To examine government policy and administration. Discuss important political issues.

THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM

The United Kingdom is divided into constituencies. Each constituency elects one Member of Parliament to sit in the House of Commons. Today there are 659 seats in the Commons. All British citizens can vote if they are over 18 y.o. Insane people and prisoners can also vote.

If a Member of Parlliament resigns or dies, a by – election must be held. MPs are chosen by the constituency branch of the party.

THE PARTY SYSTEM

There are three political parties in Britain: The Conservative Party. The Labour Party. The Liberal Party.

THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY

It is the party of the Right The idea of economic freedom. Patriotism. Receiving money from big companies and rich people. Law and order and strong armed forces.

THE LABOUR PARTY

The party of social justice. Achievement of well-being and opportunity for all members of society. Public ownership of major industries. Economic planning. The trade union movement.

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