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Transportation Modes in India-Its Features ,Statistics,

Uniqueness & Its Importance in Tourism

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Introduction

• Transport is an important part of India's economy and tourism.• Since the economic liberalization of the 1990s, infrastructure

development has progressed rapidly; today there are a variety of modes of transport by land, water and air.

• Public transport remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world.

• India's rail network is the 4th longest and the most heavily used system in the world, transporting 8,224 million passengers and over 969 million tones of freight annually.

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Features of Transportation In India• Motor vehicle penetration is low by international standard• only around 10% of Indian households own a motor vehicle.• the number of deaths caused by traffic is amongst the highest in the

world and is still increasing.

• Despite ongoing improvements in the sector, several aspects of the transport sector are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure and lack of investment in less economically active parts of the country.

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Traditional means

• Walking: SKY WALKS eg; In Mumbai• Palanquin; now for wedding ceremony & religious purposes• Bullock cart and horse carriage; Tamilnadu ,West Bengal etc.• Bicycles• Hand-pulled rickshaw• Cycle rickshaw

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Public road transport• Bus-private & state owned, heap and convenient mode of transport for all classes of society.• Bus Rapid Transit System• Bus Rapid Transit Systems (BRTS), although quite recent, exist in several cities including

Pune, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, Rajkot, Surat, Bhopal, and Indore.• Taxi• Auto Rickshaw• E Rickshaw Electric rickshaw• A new popular means of transport, rapidly grew in number in India, due to low running and

initial cost, other economic and environment benefits, these vehicles are becoming popular in India. E Rickshaws are made in fiberglass or metal body, powered by a BLDC Electric Motor with max power 2000W and speed 25 km/h.

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Urban rail transport

Suburban railway• present suburban railway services in India are limited and are operational only in

Mumbai, Kolkata, Pune, Chennai, Delhi and Hyderabad and Bengaluru. • The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the first rail system in India which began services

in Mumbai in 1867, transports 6.3 million passengers daily and has the highest passenger density in the world.

• The first rapid transit system in India, the Kolkata Suburban Railway, was established in Kolkata in 1854.

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Metro Rails

Cities with metro systems:

•Kolkata Metro •Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System •Delhi Metro •Bengaluru Metro •Mumbai Metro •Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon •Jaipur Metro •Chennai Metro

Metro systems under construction

•Hyderabad Metro •Navi Mumbai Metro •Kochi Metro •Lucknow Metro (Started on 26 September 2014) •MetroLink Express Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad •Surat Metro

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• The first modern rapid transit in India is the Kolkata Metro and started its operations in 1984,this is also the 17th Zone of the Indian Railways.

• The Delhi Metro in New Delhi is India's second conventional metro and began operations in 2002.

• The Namma Metro in Bangalore is India's third operational rapid transit and began operations in 2011 & first in South India.

• Currently, rapid transit systems have been deployed in these cities and more are under construction or in planning in several major cities of India which will be opened shortly.

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Monorail• Monorail in India is generally considered as feeder system for the Metro

train.• The Mumbai Monorail is the first operational monorail network in IndiaLight rail• Like Monorails, Light rail is also considered as a feeder system for the

Metro systems. • Two Light rail projects have been proposed in Delhi and Kolkata.Tram• The Kolkata tram is currently the only tram system in the country • provides an emission-free means of transport in Kolkata

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Other local transport• Two Wheeler• Automobile-cars etc.• Utility vehicles- jeeps, Gypsys

Railway• Rail services in India, first introduced in 1853, are provided by the state-run

Indian Railways under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. • Indian Railways provides an important mode of transport in India, transporting over

18 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of freight daily across one of the largest and busiest rail networks in the world

• The rail network traverses through the length and breadth of the country, covering more than 7,000 stations over a total route length of more than 65,000 km (40,000 mi) and track length of about 115,000 km

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Road• National Highways, State Highways, Express Highways, District Roads,

Village roads.• about 65% of freight and 80% passenger traffic is carried by the roads.

Type of Road LengthExpressways 1,208 km (751 mi) as of 2011

National Highways 79,116 km (49,160 mi)State Highways 155,716 km (96,757 mi)

District, Rural and Other Roads 4,455,010 km (2,768,210 mi)Total Length 4,689,842 km (2,914,133 mi) (Approx)

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Aviation• Air India is India's national flag carrier after merging with Indian (airline) IndiGo,

Jet Airways, Air India, Spicejet and GoAir are the major carriers in order of their market share.

• These airlines connect more than 80 cities across India and also operate overseas routes after the liberalisation of Indian aviation

• While there are 346civilian airfields in India - 253 with paved runways and 93 with unpaved runways, only 132 were classified as "airports"

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Length of runwaysAirportswith pavedrunways

Airportswith unpavedrunways

3,047 m (10,000 ft) or more 21 12,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft) 59 3

1,524 to 2,438 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft) 76 6914 to 1,524 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft) 82 38Under 914 m (3,000 ft) 14 45Total 253 93

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Waterways• India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals,

backwaters and creeks.• The total navigable length is 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi), out of which about

5,200 km (3,231 mi) of river and 485 km (301 mi) of canals can be used by mechanized crafts.

• Goa, West Bengal, Assam and Kerala have inland water transportation.• The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in

charge of the waterways in India.

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National Waterways:

•National Waterway 1: Allahabad–Haldia•National Waterway 2: Saidiya–Dhubri•National Waterway 3: Kollam–Kottapuram.•National Waterway 4: Bhadrachalam–Rajahmundry and Wazirabad–Vijaywada•National Waterway 5: Mangalgadi–Paradeep and Talcher–Dhamara•National Waterway 6 :is the proposed waterway in Assam state and will connect Lakhipur to Bhanga in river Barak.• The 121 km long waterway will help in trading between town of Silchar to Mizoram State.

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Heliports• As of 2013, there are 45 heliports in India.• India also has the world's highest helipad at the Siachen Glacier a

height of 6400 metre.• Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited is a public sector company that

provides helicopter services to ONGC to its off-shore locations, and also to various State Governments in India, particularly in North-east India.

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Statistics-Vehicles in India

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Importance of Transport in Tourism• Tourist Trains-Tourist Package.• Airports.• Railways.• Taxies.• Tourist Coches- Ac & Non Ac• WaterwaysDevelopment in transportation will lead to development in tourism.Without transportation Tourism is not possible.

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