TOXIC EFFECTS OF NANOMATERIALS

A REVIEW ARTICLE

SRINIVASA RAO YMADHURI R G S

SRAVANTHI B

M.Sc ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Maharajah’s Post Graduate CollegeVIZIANAGARAM

Dr B SREERAMA MURTYMr. G V S R Pavan Kumar

OUR SINCERE THANKS TO

WHAT IS“NANOMATERIALS”? Nanomaterials is a field that takes a materials

science-based approach to nanotechnology. It studies materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, and especially those that have special properties stemming from their nanoscale dimensions.

Nanoscale is usually defined as smaller than a one tenth of a micrometer in at least one dimension, though this term is sometimes also used for materials smaller than one micrometer.

WHAT IS TOXICOLOGY? Toxicology is a branch of biology,

chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms.

It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

It was found that various disciplines of TOXICOLOGY were under study.

DISCIPLINES OF TOXICOLOGY Aquatic toxicology Chemical toxicology Ecotoxicology Environmental toxicology Forensic toxicology Medical toxicology

The new generation’s discipline of toxicology is

NANOTOXICOLOGY

NANOTOXICOLOGY Nanotoxicology is the study of the

toxicity of nanomaterials. Because of quantum size effects and

large surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have unique properties compared with their larger counterparts.

Nanotoxicology is a branch of bionanoscience which deals with the study and application of toxicity of nanomaterials.

Nanomaterials, even when made of inert elements like gold, become highly active at nanometer dimensions, these exhibit toxicity.

Nanotoxicological studies are intended to determine whether and to what extent these properties may pose a threat to the environment and to human beings.

For instance, Diesel nanoparticles have been found to damage the cardiovascular system in a mouse model.

REASONS FOR TOXICITY OF NANOPARTICLES As it is well known fact that, when the

particle size of a material decreases, its surface area to volume ratio increases, leading to SPECIAL characteristic properties as well different adverse effects on ENVIRONMENT.

Due to the quantum size of these nanoparticles these possess toxicity.

Like all nanomaterials, iron-based nanoparticles ,like these can vary in their toxicity, depending on their chemical composition, coating, size, and shape.

To better assess the biological effects of nanomaterials, researchers have developed a rapid screening tool that can evaluate large numbers of nanomaterials and identify groups of materials that are more likely to pose a risk.

David Rand, Robert Hurt and coworkers describe their experiments, in which they exposed fruit fly larvae and adults to various types of carbon nanomaterials. In case of the larvae, some nanomaterial was accumulated in tissues, but had no impact on the development or survival. If they exposed adult flies to carbon nanomaterial, this exposure led to the flies’ death within hours, previously impairing their mobility. SEM images of the flies show severe damage to the flies legs and feet for example. Referring to the authors, toxicity might be due to the carbon nanomaterial adheres to the flies’ eyes and – more problematic – to their breathing holes.This result is also in line with the finding, that small aggregates (e.g. carbon black; single-walled nanotubes) show higher toxicity than than nanomaterials with larger aggregate sizes. Furthermore, the scientist were able to show that the contaminated flies are spreading the nanomaterials to ‘clean’ flies while grooming themselves.

TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOME INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES

TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES

As the developing concepts in nanomaterials have their advantages, it also has disadvantages.

So its necessary for all to concentrate on the second side of the coin.

The researches all over the world begin to put forward their efforts to create a new generation of science with minimum or without adverse effects.