GROUP 3:

PAST PERFECT And

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PAST PERFECTTense

FORM:Affirmative: Subject + Had + Past Participle

FORM:Negative: Subject + Hadn’t + Past Participle

FORM:

Question: Had + Subject + Past Participle ?

WH-word + had + S + past participle + …?

Had Tom already gone home, when you arrived at the party?

Had Minh read a book before he went to school?

Example:

USAGE: To show an action happened earlier than an action

which followed.

When he arrived, the meeting had already started.

USAGE:As a part of a sentence expressing a past wish or regret: Conditional Sentences (Type 3)

USAGE:Remember:

- using after or before can mean we have to use the past perfect/ gerund

- Afterwards introduces the next action in a sequence

After we had eaten / After having eaten we continued the negotiations.

We had lunch , and afterwards we continued the negotiation.

Example:

PAST PERFECTNUOUSCONTI

Tense

FORM:Affirmative: Subject + Had + Been + V-ing

FORM:

Negative: Subject + Hadn’t + Been + V-ing

They had not been waiting for more than 30 minutes when the bus picked them up.

FORM:

Question: Had + Subject + Been + V-ing ?

Had the taxi driver been drinking before the accident?

30 mins later

USAGE: To show an action had begun and was still in progress before

another action took place

She had been working here for over 2 years before you started working here.

I had been studying at university for 6 months before I met her

Example:

USAGE:

- To describe repeated actions up to a point in the past:

We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining.

USAGE:

- To describe repeated actions up to a point in the past:

He had been waiting there for more than 2 hours when she finally arrived.

USAGE:

- Use it when you want to show cause and effect

Example:I put on weight because I had

been eating too much

REV IEW

ANSWER KEY:

1 – D2 – A3 – B 4 - C5 – B

6 – A7 – A8 – C9 – D10 – D