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This presentation explains the theories which explain the global development.
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HUL 291: Electronic Governance
P. Vigneswara IlavarasanMS 624 | [email protected]://egroups.google.co.in/egov_iitd
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Agenda• Theoretical Approaches
– Modernization School– Changes– Disagreements– Alternatives
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Introduction
• Theoretical approaches• Egov as ‘ICT for Development’
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Modernization School• Developing countries to follow developed countries
• There is knowledge gap / technical know‐how
• Teach the developing countries to acquire knowledge & to communicate ‐‐> development
• Radio & Internet
Communication
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Mod..Cont
• World bank as knowledge bank• Failure of 'developmental programmes' due to audience; not the idea or tools
• Driven by government• Centralized approach
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Changes• failure of state driven economic/development policies• rise of NGOs• case for
– decentralization – importance of cooperating with market– audience as active information seeker
• Still, argues for knowledge gap• ICT as a new tool• World bank's Infodev programme• Cheaper to diffuse the knowledge / information• Internet offers 'horizontal, global communications' (Tibet & China; Internet & Zapatistas)
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Disagreements / Criticisms
• Origins from Dependency School• no dichotomy of developing / developed countries
• network society ‐ 'dynamic segments & switched‐off territories and peoples‘
• ICTs as cheaper technologies ‐ not necessarily true for many ‐‐> Exclusion
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Disagree…Cont.
• Initial ‘know‐how advantages’ accumulate ‐‐> gap sustains
• Diversity / non‐western ideas can be manipulated / over powered unlike earlier days – Mozambique – Rewriting alternative history through radio
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Alternatives
• Knowledge & Power• Treated as 'independents‘ by Modernization school & others.
• knowledge as enabler of power• Foucault ‐ knowledge, power & legitimacy
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Knowledge
Power
Alternat. cont• Universalization of Western knowledge ~ relations of power
• Other knowledge forms are ignored / disqualified
• Need for inclusion of other knowledge ‐ GICT (world Bank), IDRC (Canada)
• ICTs offer opportunities for counter discourses– That needs to be recognized– Citizen centric content in egov projects
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References• Schech. S. (2002). Wired for change: The links between ICTs and development discourses. Journal of International Development, 14, 13‐23.
• Emailed..
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• Thank you!
ClarificationsQuestions
Comments
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InfoDev <
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