Writing SkillsThe Purpose of

Writing

The Process of Writing

Analysis of Writing Skill

Types of Composition

How to Improve Writing Skills

The Purpose of Writing

What is Writing ? A visual

representation of Speech

What is Speech? An expression by

articulate Sounds

Modes of Communications Written and Oral

Both are used in different situationsAnd

Serve different social functions

The Process of Writing• Psycho-motor Ability to Form the

Letters of the AlphabetManipulation

• Ability to Write Letters into Words , Words into Phrases and SentencesStructuring

• Ability to select appropriate structures and vocabulary, keeping in view the subject-matter and the reader

Communication

Analysis of the Skill of Writing

Types of Composition

Free Composition

Guided Composition

What is Guided Composition?

A Guided Composition is that composition, “from where one can take help”. Guided Composition can be applicable in very early classes

at school level. In guided composition pupils are supplied with all the

necessary structures and vocabulary together with the thoughts and ideas to be expressed.

In this type of composition the teacher guides the pupils as what to write and how to write.

At school stage most the composition should be of guided type.

In early stages a rigid control is maintained which is progressively relaxed at the later stage.

Guided Composition

Writing from Substitution Tables ( Tables are based on various instances of sentence structure, enabling students to select different lexical items i.e. Words. Also gives practice in the use of Simple Present Tense )

Writing from the Black/Whiteboard( Help students to learn correct spellings and Punctuation )

Filling in the Blanks( Help students to learn the use of Articles, Prepositions, Pronouns, Conjunctions, etc…)

Arranging Jumbled Sentences( Help students to learn the correct sequence of events )

Exercises in Guided Composition

Writing Parallel Sentences ( Enable students to use given sentence structure in different context )

Transforming Paragraphs( To change the Tense of a paragraph from Present to Past and vice-versa )

Strip Story Method( Dividing a short story into Strips or Sentences )

Questo-Comp( A composition based on upon the answers to the questions )

Precise – Writing( Students have to use their own construction for answers to the questions)

What is Free Composition?

A Composition in which students are free to make use of any structures and vocabulary items. It does not put any restriction on the students for

using language items Free Composition is suitable for seniors classes only

as students have sufficient command over structure and vocabulary items

In free composition pupils are supplied only with the title and every thing else is done by the students

Free Composition

Exercises in Free Composition

Creativity Book Review Report Writing Essay Writing Story Writing Letter WritingParagraph Writing

The exercise which students are generally asked to write in schools and colleges are ….

Paragraph-writing Letter-writing Story-writing Essay-writing

EXERCISES IN FREE COMPOSITION

A paragraph is a group of sentences dealing with one main idea or theme. It is a single unit of thought. It is an essay in miniature.

The essentials of a good paragraph are …. Unity Key sentence Order Variety

PARAGRAPH-WRITING

The art of letter-writing is of practical value in life as every-one has to write letters to parents, relatives, friends or others.

Kinds of Letters …….

Personal / Private letters Business letters

LETTER-WRITING

• Letters to Relatives

• Friendly Letters• Notes of Invitation

• Letters of Application• Official Letters• Letters to Newspapers

Stories may be developed with the help of appropriate

pictures or outlines. The teacher should tell the students some important points

regarding the writing of stories. The story is written in the past tense It is divided into suitable paragraphs The outline should be faithfully followed Dialogues, wherever possible, should be introduced They should be natural, interesting and lively There should be no unnecessary details and repetition

STORY-WRITING

An essay is a written composition giving expression to one’s personal ideas or opinions on a subject. The students should be told to jot down their ideas on a

particular topic. They should then arrange the points in a logical order. The essay should be divided into paragraphs. Each paragraph should deal with one main head. The paragraphs should be related to one another.

ESSAY-WRITING

1: Proper techniques of teaching Topic should be discussed Student responses should be appreciated Oral composition must precede the written one2: Sufficient work in guided composition Student will acquire mastery over the structure of

English by paying attention towards the guided composition.

3: Right choice of topics Topics should be: According to the level of the class Within the range of the experiences of student Concrete rather than abstract

SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING SKILLS

4: Encouragement of individuality Student writings/comprehensions should be encouraged Students should be appreciated on all levels 5: Preparation of second draftStudents should be asked to prepare a second draft that: Enables them to correct mistakes in the structure, words

and spelling Enables them to use linker (conjunction) Enables them to reconstruct the idea in their second

revision6: Correction Work and Follow-up Students should read their work before submitting to

teacher Teacher should point out mistakes, if he/she found any, and

make sure students have understood the correct form Follow-up work includes written practice by students on the

corrected forms

Dictation is a tool to TEST pupils' spelling of difficult words and their ability to understand language’s structural pattern.

Value of Dictation Improves the aural-comprehension of students Helps the students distinguish between sentences and phrases Provide practice to understand spellings and sentence pattern Provide practice to increase writing speed Provide practice in the use of capital letters and marks of punctuation

Dictation

Spellings in English language are very

irregular and present a serious hurdle to the foreign language students

The English people are conventional in the use of spellings

The Americans have succeeded somehow in reforming spelling problems

The ability to spell correctly is the indication of an observant reader and cautious writer

English Spelling

There is no correspondence between spelling and sound in English Language. Sometimes spelling is the same but pronunciation is different.

e.g. great and cheat, put and but At other times sound is the same but spelling is different.

e.g. write and right, deer and dear. The Phenomenon of silent letters in words like calm and palm baffles

our students who are not used to it in their mother tongue. Over-emphasis on oral work has resulted in the loss of spellings. The teachers do not pay special attention to the teaching of

spellings and adopt no effective measures to impress upon the form of the words.

The students don’t concentrate themselves on the form of the words. No amount of note-learning would prove to be of any use unless they focus their attention on the form of words.

Causes of Poor Spellings

1. Copying

2. Delayed Copying

3. Focusing the Trouble spots

4. Use of Mnemonics

(devices which helps us to remember something e.g. VIBGYOR : to remember names of

the colors of rainbow)

DEVICES FOR TEACHING SPELLING

THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE