Kara-lea foster

Method :Purple

Advantages: Green

Dis-advantages: Red

Other: Blue

A metal plate is covered with a waxy material ( Drawing surface) which is resistant to acid. The artist then scratches off the wax with a pointed etching needle where he or she wants a line to appear in the finished piece, (so exposing the bare metal).

High precision

Low Cost Tools

Low Cost Design Changes

Time consuming

Types of etching:1.Non-plasma based = uses spontaneousreaction of appropriate reactive gas mixture.

2.Plasma based = uses radio frequency (RF)power to drive chemical reaction.

Need for specialized (expensive) equipment

Some gases are quite toxic and corrosive.

The linocuts are tough and sturdy.

Lino has smooth texture which can easily be worked on.

The linoleum is then aligned onto the lino presser slider. Next a paper is also aligned on to the slider and on top of the lino. A sheet is placed over the slider it is sealed with the cover. Afterwards, the slider is rolled to the presser where the handle is pulled to apply the pressure where

printing of lino is enabled.

It is bendy and tough which enables it to be handled well and can be cut into it easily.

It is difficult to get into detail .e.g. faecal expressions.

Mistakes are irreversible( you would have to start again).

limited colour application( not many colours per picture), hard to clean/ get off your hands.

After Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse used the technique to advantage in the 1950s, many other artists adopted linocut art.

Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials.

Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making ( in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh)

The screen printing process allows us to print images and text on a variety of promotional or personal items.

Images for screen printing have to be simple in design which can be tricky. (reduced to definite lines or shapes that will print well).

Most hand-stencils are very fragile and break down faster than emulsion-based processes.

The stencils can be reused many times, they can eventually become warped and uneven.

In hand screen printing procedures various colours can be used effectively.( this could make them look nicer)

As no heavy/big machines and related tools are used, the hand screen printing requires a smaller amount of space to install.

Woodcut (occasionally known as xylography) is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, usually with gouges. Good quality final image.

Shows that it has taken a lot of hard work and perseverance to get right.

Can be very time consuming.

Wastes a lot of material if the design goes wrong.

If you are writing and make a spelling mistake there is no going back and you will have to start again.

If you can create amazing art with the woodcut technique you could become sort after because it is a dying trade.

Lithography is a method of printing, originally based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. Printing is from a stone (limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface.

Lithography requires less effort than some other printing processes such as engraving.

Lithography is also a process that is used to create posters from an original artwork. (lithographic reproduction). These reproductions are less expensive than an original drawing or painting by an artist and a larger audience can buy and enjoy them.

Using lithography, many prints can be made from the same drawing.

The length of time is another disadvantage (it can be up to 40 hours just for the drawing time).

The amounts of lithographic prints are limited.

The supplies are complex and highly specialized; even with the use of modern machines, the process is expensive.

Parts to be printed are raised up from the base plate. Letterpress printing can be used to produce both text and pictures.

Hand presses generally required two people to operate them: one to ink the type, the other to work the press. (Later mechanized jobbing presses require a single operator to feed and remove the paper, as the inking and pressing are done automatically.)

The completed sheets are then taken to dry and for finishing, depending on the variety of printed matter being produced.

It is easy to create copies due to the raised pictures or text.

They are better for formal invites or card than a normal printer.

You can use a large variety of paper and colours.

Printed images are likely to be unevenly inked.

Pictures are quite costly.

Time consuming because the ink needs time to dry.

Gravure printed products include:

Food packagingWall paperWrapping paperFurniture laminatesPanelling Greeting cardsMagazines

With gravure printing an image is etched on the surface of a metal plate or cylinder so that the image you want to print is in the recesses or depressions not the raised part of the plate. The recesses are filled with ink and the raised.

The photographic quality is clear and good.

The images and text can be printed in a large range of bright colours.

Its main disadvantage is the high cost that it takes to print.

The process takes a long time.

The printing quality, while high, is not quite as good as photogravure or rotogravure printing.

The printing leaves a clean and detailed image every time.

The stencil is attached to the under side of the screen. The exact procedure depends on the type of stencil used. The material to be printed is placed on the base, and the screen is lowered over it. A generous quantity of ink is put at the top of the pattern, but outside the printing area.

Is cost-efficient. Is no good for small orders.

high quality colour matching as well as crisp text

There is a wide range of materials you can use that include:SilkNylon

lower resolution is not well suited for raster graphics such as photographs.

a method of printing using a fine mesh of silk, nylon, etc, treated with an impermeable coating except in the areas through which ink is subsequently forced onto the paper behind.

high setup costs for silk screening.

Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles onto paper in the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper.

A lot of copies can be made at once.

Photocopiers are cheaper to use compared to using a printer.

The copied that are made are very accurate and clear.

A photocopier is a big machine, so it will take up a lot of space.

A photocopier machine is very heavy, you won't be able to move it around easily. The photocopying

machine itself is very expensive.

The first popular photocopier, the Xerox 914, took the business world by storm in 1959. If it was released today, however, it would never get past health and safety. Not only did over-use of the device risk overheating, the device would commonly burst into flames after one too many copies.

Print quality is good.

The machine is noiseless.

Printing speed is high.

Printing is slower and therefore inkjets aren't designed for high volume printing.

Running an inkjet printer over time is a more expensive than a laser printer.

Prints emerge from the printer slightly wet and may need time to dry.

It very rapidly produces high-quality text and graphics by repeatedly passing a laser beam back & forth over a charged cylindrical drum, to define a charged image. The drum then selectively collects electrically-charged, toner and transfers the image to the loaded paper, which is then heated in order to permanently fuse the text/imagery.

As a normal part of the printing process, the high voltages inside the printer can produce a corona discharge that generates a small amount of ionized oxygen and nitrogen, forming ozone and nitrogen oxides.

Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer.

There is a high quality of output, capable of printing fine and smooth details.

No warm up time needed before use.

Capable of printing in vivid colour, good for printing pictures.

Print head is less durable, prone to clogging and damage.

Aqueous ink is sensitive to water, even a small drop of water can cause blurring.

Ink bleeding, ink carried sideways causing blurred effects on some papers.

Inkjet documents can have poor to excellent archival durability, depending on the quality of the inks and paper used. If low-quality paper is used, it can yellow and degrade due to residual acid in the untreated pulp, in the worst case, old prints can literally crumble into dust when handled

Desktop publishing is the creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer. Desktop publishing software can generate layouts and produce text and images. This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a wide range of printed matter

There is more control over the way text is arranged and formatted.

DTP can be used to bring lots of different files together on the same document.

Text and pictures can be moved and changed so they fit he space you have perfectly.

There can be a largereduction in creativity.

You have to be quite skilled to use DTP (computer/ editing knowledge).

It is time consuming to edit together a whole leaflet/ document yourself.

Desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program developed by James Bessen at a community newspaper in Philadelphia.