1. THE AMERICAN JOURNEY A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Brief Sixth EditionChapter14The Politics of Sectionalism 1846-1861The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. The Politics of Sectionalism 1846-1861 Slavery in the Territories Political Realignment The Road to Disunion ConclusionThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3. Vivid illustrations accompanied the numerous editions of Uncle Toms Cabin depicting the brutal realities of slavery and the unmerited suffering of the slaveThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. Learning Objectives Why was the issue of slavery in the territories so contentious? What factors contributed to the Republicans rise to political prominence? Why were Southerners so alarmed by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860?The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5. Slavery in the TerritoriesThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6. Slavery in the Territories From the late 1840s until 1861, northern and southern leaders attempted to fashion a solution to the problem of slavery in the territories.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7. Slavery in the Territories (cont'd) Compromise of 1850 - The four-step compromise which admitted California as a free state, allowed the residents of the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves, ended the slave trade in the District of Columbia, and passed a new fugitive slave law to enforce the constitutional provision stating that a slave escaping into a free state shall be delivered back to the owner.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8. The Wilmot Proviso Proposed by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846, the Wilmot Proviso called for outlawing of slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico. The debate over the proviso aroused distrust and suspicion between Northerners and Southerners as Congress divided along sectional lines. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9. The Wilmot Proviso (cont'd) Wilmot Proviso - The amendment offered by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846 which stipulated that as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico . . . neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10. The Election of 1848 To defuse the slavery issue, Democratic presidential nominee Lewis Cass proposed the doctrine of popular sovereignty that let the people decide on whether slavery would be permitted or not.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11. The Election of 1848 (contd) The Whig nominee Zachary Taylor was silent on the slavery issue but northern Whigs bolted the party and formed the Free-Soil Party with a platform of free soil, free speech, free labor, free men.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12. The Election of 1848 (contd) Taylor won the election. Popular Sovereignty - A solution to the slavery crisis suggested by Michigan senator Lewis Cass by which territorial residents, not Congress, would decide slaverys fate.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13. Parisian partisans burn royal carriages, February 1848.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14. One of the Peoples Saints for the Calendar of Liberty 1852.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15. The Gold Rush The discovery of gold in California triggered a rush that brought more than 100,000 people to the territory. San Francisco was transformed from a small port to a bustling metropolis.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 16. The Compromise of 1850 When California applied for admission to the Union, the issue of parity among slave and free states arose. President Taylor supported a version of popular sovereignty.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 17. The Compromise of 1850 (contd) Henry Clay offered the Compromise of 1850 that was eventually passed when Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas offered the proposals as separate initiatives.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 18. The Compromise of 1850 (contd) The major benefit for southerners was a stronger Fugitive Slave Act. Fugitive Slave Act - Law, part of the Compromise of 1850 that required authorities in the North to assist southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19. MAP 141 The Compromise of 1850The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 20. Response to the Fugitive Slave Act Free African Americans in the North responded to the Fugitive Slave Act by forming associations for protection and resistance. Frederick Douglass convened the National Black Convention in 1853 to establish a national council but it failed.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 21. This notice, typical of warnings posted in northern citiesThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 22. Uncle Toms Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowes novel ignited a firestorm over slavery, moving many northerner whites to more active antislavery participation. Southerners condemned Uncle Toms Cabin.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 23. The Election of 1852 The Compromise of 1850 had divided the Whigs. Democratic candidate Franklin Pierce won a landslide over Whig candidate General Winfield Scott.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 24. Political RealignmentThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 25. Young Americas Foreign Misadventures Franklin Pierce supported the Young America movement to expand American influence into the Caribbean and Latin America. The Ostend Manifesto called for the United States to buy Cuba and aroused an uproar in the United States and other nations. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 26. Young Americas Foreign Misadventures (cont'd) William Walker attempted to gain control of Nicaragua but failed. Ostend Manifesto - Message sent by U.S. envoys to President Pierce from Ostend, Belgium, in 1854, stating that the United States had a divine right to wrest Cuba from Spain.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 27. Stephen Douglass Railroad Proposal Senator Stephen A. Douglas wanted the transcontinental railroad route to go through Chicago and Indian-occupied Nebraska Territory. President Pierce forced the Native Americans to cede land for the railroad in 1853.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 28. Stephen Douglass Railroad Proposal (contd) Douglas sought congressional approval to set up a government in the Nebraska Territory.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 29. The Kansas-Nebraska Act Douglas Kansas-Nebraska Bill broke the territory into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska. Douglas supported popular sovereignty. Northerners were outraged because the Bill repealed the Missouri Compromise and showed the Souths determination to spread slavery. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 30. The Kansas-Nebraska Act President Pierce supported the KansasNebraska Bill which became law. Kansas-Nebraska Act - Law passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and Nebraska Territories but leaving the question of slavery open to residents, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 31. Bleeding Kansas Northerners and Southerners rushed to settle Kansas and gain a majority in the territory. The proslavery forces fraudulently elected a legislature and passed laws supporting slavery. Sporadic violence erupted leading journalists to call the conflict Bleeding Kansas. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 32. Bleeding Kansas (cont'd) Bleeding Kansas - Violence between pro- and antislavery forces in Kansas Territory after the passage of the KansasNebraska Act in 1854.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 33. MAP 142 The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 34. Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics Mounting violence polarized the North and South, widening sectional conflicts within political parties. Between 1854 and 1856, Northerners moved into new political parties that changed the national political scene and intensified the sectional conflict.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 35. Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics (contd) Anti-immigration feeling also contributed to the party realignment. The Democrats tried to appeal to the Irish immigrants but nativists formed the anti-immigrant, antiCatholic Know Nothing Party.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 36. Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics (contd) The Republican Party was formed in 1854 from a coalition of antislavery Whigs and Democrats. Know-Nothing Party - Anti-immigrant party formed from the wreckage of the Whig Party and some disaffected northern Democrats in 1854.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 37. Know-Nothings and Republicans: Religion and Politics (contd) Republican Party - Party headed by Thomas Jefferson that formed in opposition to the financial and diplomatic policies of the Federalist Party; favored limiting the powers of the national government and placing the interests of farmers and planters over those of financial and commercial groups; supported the cause of the French Revolution.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 38. Gangs of New York. Paramilitary political gangsThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 39. The Election of 1856 The election of 1856 was approached by a fragmented political party system. The Know-Nothing and Republican parties each nominated candidates. John C. Frmont was the Republican candidate. The Know-Nothings split in northern and southern factions. Millard Fillmore represented the southern Know-Nothings while the northern group supported Frmont. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 40. The Election of 1856 (contd) The Democrats were divided and nominated James Buchanan who won the election.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 41. Activists display a representation of the Ten CommandmentsThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 42. One of Thomas Nasts vitriolic comments on the separation between Church (i.e., the Roman Catholic Church) and State.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 43. The Dred Scott Case Dred Scott sued for his freedom and the case eventually reached the Supreme Court. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney dismissed Scotts case and his opinion argued African Americans in the northern states were not citizens and so could not initiate a lawsuit. He also ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 44. The Dred Scott Case (cont'd) African Americans strongly responded to the Dred Scott decision. Outrage over the Dred Scott decision boosted Republican fortunes in the North.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 45. The Dred Scott Case (cont'd) Dred Scott decision - Supreme Court ruling, in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state and a free territory with his master, that slaves could not be U.S. citizens and that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in the territories.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 46. Dred Scott and his wife, Harriet, are portrayed here with their children as an average middleclass familyThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 47. The Lecompton Constitution Violence had subsided in Kansas but passage of the proslavery Lecompton Constitution failed to pass in the Senate. The Panic of 1857 was a severe economic recession that continued into the election year of 1858.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 48. The Lecompton Constitution (contd) The Democratic administration did nothing to alleviate the worsening economic conditions while the Republicans claimed legislation they sponsored could have prevented the Panic.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 49. The Lecompton Constitution (contd) Lecompton Constitution - Proslavery draft written in 1857 by Kansas territorial delegates elected under questionable circumstances; it was rejected by two governors, supported by President Buchanan, and decisively defeated by Congress. Panic of 1857 - Banking crisis that caused a credit crunch in the North; it was less severe in the South, where high cotton prices spurred a quick recovery.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 50. The Religious Revival of 18571858 In the midst of economic depression and sectional controversy, a religious revival swept across the nations cities in the winter of 18571858. Its long-range impact was significant not only culturally, but politically, as emerging issues took on a deeper moral dimension.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 51. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates The Lincoln-Douglas debates pitted the incumbent Democratic senator against former Whig congressman Abraham Lincoln. The debates were held throughout Illinois and highlighted the differences between Democrats and Republicans and North and South. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 52. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (cont'd) Douglas won the election. Lincoln-Douglas debates - Series of debates in the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign during which Democrat Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln staked out their differing opinions on the issue of slavery in the territories.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 53. Abraham Lincoln making a point at Coles County (Illinois) Fairgrounds, 1858The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 54. The Road to DisunionThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 55. North-South Differences Ideological divisions were not the only differences dividing North and South. The North was increasingly urban and industrial while the South remained rural and agricultural. The rate of urban and industrial growth in the North was greater than anywhere else in the world in the early 1800s. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 56. North-South Differences (cont'd) Other differences included more violent tendencies among Southerners, a stronger inclination to serve in the military, and a higher illiteracy rate. Slavery accounted for many of the differences between North and South.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 57. MAP 143 Railroads in the United States, 1860The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 58. South and North Compared in 1860The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 59. John Browns Raid John Brown had become a celebrity in New England intellectual and antislavery circles. In 1859, Brown recruited a small army and attacked the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry hoping to trigger a slave uprising. Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee captured Brown and his followers. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 60. John Browns Raid (cont'd) John Browns raid raised the worst fears of southerners. John Browns Raid - New England abolitionist John Browns ill-fated attempt to free Virginias slaves with a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 61. The John Brown mural in the Kansas State HouseThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 62. The Election of 1860 Northern Democrats were united behind Stephen A. Douglas but southern extremists disrupted the convention hoping to combine a Republican victory with secession. Northern Democrats nominated Douglas while southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 63. The Election of 1860 (contd) Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln and Whigs from the Upper South formed the Constitutional Union Party to nominate John Bell of Tennessee. Lincoln won the election.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 64. The Election of 1860 (contd) Constitutional Union party - National party formed in 1860, mainly by former Whigs, that emphasized allegiance to the Union and strict enforcement of all national legislation. Wide Awakes - Group of red-shirted, black-caped young men who paraded through city streets in the North extolling the virtues of the Republican Party during the 1860 presidential election campaign.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 65. MAP 144 The Election of 1860The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 66. Dividing the National MapThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 67. Secession and Slavery Abraham Lincolns victory prompted the secession of six southern states. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas formed the Confederate States of America. Confederate States of America - Nation proclaimed in Montgomery, Alabama, in February 1861 after the seven states of the Lower South seceded from the United States. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 68. MAP 145 The Course of SecessionThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 69. Presidential Inaction A lame-duck president whose southern dominated cabinet had left Washington, Buchanan did little to more than condemn secession.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 70. Peace Proposals Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden tried to package a series of constitutional amendments to solve the sectional dispute but this effort failed.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 71. Lincolns Views on Secession Lincoln did not support compromise measures on secession. Lincoln counted on Unionist sentiment to keep the Upper South from seceding.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 72. The Emerging Sectional CrisisThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 73. The Emerging Sectional CrisisThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 74. Fort Sumter: The Tug Comes Lincoln vowed to uphold federal law and was conciliatory, but southerners wanted concessions.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 75. Fort Sumter: The Tug Comes (cont'd) The surrender of Fort Sumter began the Civil War. Fort Sumter - Begun in the late 1820s to protect Charleston, South Carolina, it became the center of national attention in April 1861 when President Lincoln attempted to provision federal troops at the fort, triggering a hostile response from on-shore Confederate forces, opening the Civil War.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 76. ConclusionThe American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 77. Conclusion The Wilmot Proviso began the process that ended with the outbreak of the Civil War. Political conflict over slavery eventually focused on northern efforts to stop southern expansion and southern to maintain their power and influence in the federal government by expanding slavery in the western territories. The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 78. Conclusion (cont'd) By 1861, neither national political and other organizations could mute sectional animosities.The American Journey: A History of the United States, Brief Sixth Edition Goldfield Abbott Argersinger DeJohn Anderson Barney Weir ArgersingerCopyright 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.