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Sectionalism
US History
What is “sectionalism”?
• Sectionalism: giving primary loyalty to a state or region rather than to the nation as a whole.
Setting the stage
• After 1812 War, an “Era of Good Feeling” emerged in the US.– National harmony– Political cooperation– An example: When Monroe ran
for a 2nd term, he was unopposed and received all but 1 electoral vote.
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Differences were looming• Despite “Good Feeling,”
regional differences of opinion emerged
• National debates over:– Power of the Central
Government
– States’ Rights
– Slavery
40 years later, a Civil War….
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Sectionalism emerges• By late 1820s,
sectionalism crushes the “Era of Good Feeling”– Different life styles in
the sections of the US became more pronounced after 1812 War because of
• Economic development
• Population shifts
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N
S
W
Sectionalism: Characteristics• North:
– Commercial economy
– Favored policies that protect industries from foreign competition.
– Increase trade.
– Provide a strong banking system.
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Sectionalism: Overview
• South:– Agricultural economy– Increase cotton exports
• Short staple cotton thanks to Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.
• Slavery perpetuated!
– Favored less interference from federal govt.
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Sectionalism: Overview
• West– Agricultural economy– Wanted federal protection– Improve transportation.– Against regulated banking.
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Sectionalism: The NorthWhat it wanted
• Favored “bank of the US”• Favored protective tariffs
(protect US industry)• Favored increased
immigration (more labor)• Divided on territorial
expansion.• Favored road and canal
projects.
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Sectionalism: The South
• Opposed a bank of the US.
• Opposed protective tariffs.
• Opposed new immigration.
• Favored territorial expansion.
• Opposed road and canal projects.
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Sectionalism: The West• The West: Michigan, Ohio,
Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri.– Opposed the bank of the US.
– Divided on the tariff issue.
– Favored increased immigration.
– Favored territorial expansion.
– Favored road and canal projects.
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An example: The Tariff Controversy
• In 1828, Congress passed a very high protective tariff.– [Southerners called it the “Tariff of
Abominations”]– Purpose: to protect infant Northern industries
from foreign competition.
Tariff Controversy
• Northerners loved it! – It lets them grow their industries.
• Southerners hated it!– High rates increase cost of foreign
manufactured goods in the South.– Foreign nations will reciprocate (raise tariffs
against Southern goods.)