The Philippines Under

Japan

[By:Rechelle Escrupolo,Marjorie

Guanzon,Ilona Jane Guerrero

of OD201]

• Japanese Buccaneers , the “Wako” established

settlements at the mouth of the Cagayan River

and in the area now known as Agoo, La Union.

This settlement was order than any Spanish

settlement.

• During the Spanish Period, many more Japanese

came and settled in Manila. Many participated in

the construction of Intramuros. They also

participated in the quelling of revolts staged by

the Chinese in the Manila area.

Japanese Presence in the Philippines

Japanese Presence in the Philippines

• It was estimated that by the end of the Spanish

period, there were about four thousand Japanese

in the country.

• A new wave of Japanese immigration occurred

during the early part of the American period. In

1903, about 15,000 Japanese participated in the

construction of the Kennon Road in Baguio.

Japanese Presence in the Philippines

• During WWI, the Japanese, especially those in

Davao, prospered as direct result of the increase

in the price of hemp in the world market. This

attracted more Japanese immigrants into the

country.

PEARL HARBOR BOMBING

• December 7,1941 marked the beginning of

World War Two in the Pacific

• The Philippines was caught in the middle

because of her close association with the United

States.

• America formally declares war with Japan.

• American President Roosvelt described it as “a

day which will live in infamy”.

When the war broke

out, I was surprised

to see my Japanese

neighbor dressed in

a military uniform. I

had no idea that he

was a spy.

The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor

• MacArthur retreated to Bataan in order to

prevent the Japanese from encircling his forces.

• Early attempts by the Japanese to take over

Bataan miserably failed because the USAFFE

forces fought gallantly.

• The Japanese then decided to constantly

bombard Bataan in order to soften the line of

defense. The forces in Bataan also lacked

supplies and the morale of the soldiers was low.

• On April 9, 1942, General Edward P. King

who was the commander of the forces in Bataan

surrendered. An estimate of 78,000 officers and

men surrendered.

• The Japanese then intensified the bombardment

in the island of Corregidor. Lacking the needed

supplies, Generall Wainwright surrendered his

forces in order to avoid the massacre of his men.

The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor

The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor

• The fall of Bataan and Corregidor symbolized

the defeat of Fil-Am force in the country. The

Philippines was placed under the rule of the

Japanese Imperial Army.

The DEATH MARCH

• On April 11, 1942, around 70,000 American and

Filipino prisoners of war were forced to march

from Mariveles, Bataan.

• The “Death March” is considered as one of the

most gruesome events in WWII Philippines.

Many soldiers died of

hunger, fatigue, unattended wounds and

dehydration.

• The march ended in Camp O’Donnell in

Tarlac. Only 60,000 of the original number of

marchers survived.

The DEATH MARCH

• Some time later, the Filipino prisoners were

released primarily because the Japanese lacked

the resource to maintain a large number of

prisoners.

• Many of those who were released later rejoined

their comrades in the mountains.

On January

3, 1942, General Masaharu

Homma, Commander-In-

Chief of the Imperial

Forces in the Philippines

announces the end of

American sovereignty in

the Philippines.

JOSE ABAD SANTOS

Was the fifth Chief

Justice of the Supreme

Court of the

Philippines and served

as Acting President of

the Philippines during

World War II. He was

executed by Japanese

forces during the

Japanese occupation of

the Philippines.

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

• The commander-in-chief of the

Japanese Imperial Army ordered

Jorge B. Vargas to assume the

position of Chairman of the

Executive Commission of the

Central Administrative Organization.

• Jorge B. Vargas’ task was to

coordinate the activities of all existing

Central Administrative Departments.

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

• Six departments composed the Executive

Commission and each was headed by

commissioner appointed by the Japanese

commander-in-chief. Each department had

also one Japanese “adviser”.

• The order stressed that “foremost

importance” be given to the “demands of

the Imperial Japanese Forces”. The

Central Administration Organization was

directly under the control of the

Commander-in-chief.

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

CHAIRMAN OF THE

EXECUTIVE COMMISION

INTERIOR

COUNCIL

OF STATE

JAPANESE ADVISERS

PUBLIC WORKS

AND

COMMUNICATION

JUSTICE FINANCE AGRICULTURE

AND

COMMERCE

EDUCATION

HEALTH AND

PUBLLIC

WELFARE

“The Japanese

kicked, slapped and

bayoneted innocent men

and women who failed to

bow properly. Hundreds

were beheaded during the

first months of the

occupation on mere

suspicion of being a

guerilla”.

-Renato Constantino

Renato Constantino (March

10, 1919 - September 15, 1999)

was an

influential Filipino historian. He

was a known leftist historian of

thePhilippines. He is the father-in-

law of political

commentator Randy David. He is

one of the Charter Members of

the Alpha Phi Beta Fraternity - UP

College of Law.

KEMPEITAI

• Japanese Military Police

• Raided homes with unregistered

radios and detained the occupants in

Fort Santiago.

• Notoriously famous for their

methods of extracting information

from suspected enemies of the

Japanese.

• Feared by the Filipinos for their

ruthlessness

• Employed Filipino spies or those

called “MAKAPILI” in capturing

guerrillas and their supporters.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE JAPANESE

OCCUPATION

• Widespread looting characterized the first few

days of the occupation. Even policemen joined

the lawlessness because there was nothing they

could do to stop it.

• Almost all modes of economic activity stopped

due to the war and many establishments which

were once flourishing became literally

“bankrupt overnight”.

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE JAPANESE

OCCUPATION

• The monetary currency

introduced by the Japanese was

worthless because of the

astronomical inflation rates. It

was eventually called “Mickey

Mouse” money.

• Barter became the means of

acquiring one’s needs. For

example, a gold tooth for one

ganta of rice, or one

“aparador” for several cans of

sardines.

CULTURAL LIFE DURING THE OCCUPATION

•The Japanese wanted to

remove all vestiges of

American influence among

the Filipinos, specially the

American influence in

Filipino culture. This was in

line with Japan’s dream of

establishing the “Greater

East Asia Co-Prosperity

Sphere”.

•Famous painters like

Fernando Amorsolo were

very active during the

occupation. His paintings of

the burning of Manila and its

ruins are very famous.

CULTURAL LIFE DURING THE OCCUPATION

Japan sent a musical mission

in the Philippines in order to

acquaint the Filipinos to

Asian, and in

particular, Japanese music.

The airwaves were filled with

songs composed and

arranged by Japanese and

Filipino composers and

arrangers. Musical

competitions were held to

further stimulate4 the interest

of Filipinos in music.

EDUCATIONAL REORIENTATION DURING

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Military Order No.2 dated February 17, 1942

contained the educational policy of the Japanese.

It contained the ff. basic points.

Propagate Filipino Culture

Promote love for Labor

Diffusion of primary and vocational Education

The teaching of Nippongo

Dissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-

Prosperity Sphere

THE PHILIPPINES DURING WORLD WAR II

(Important Dates and Events to Remember)

DATE EVENTS

July 22, 1941 Japan invades

Indochina

Dec. 8, 1941 the Bombing of

Pearl Harbor

Dec. 11, 1941 Invasion of

Aparri,Cagayan

Dec. 12, 1941 Bombardment

of Nichols Air

Fields and

Cavite Navy

Yard

DATE EVENTS

Dec. 13, 1941 Legazpi, Albay

falls

Dec. 22, 1941 Fall of Davao

Dec. 24, 1941 USAFFE

forces retreats

to Corregidor

Island

Dec. 26, 1941 Manila declared

as an open city

DATE EVENTS

Jan. 23, 1942 Victorious

Japanese forces

enter Manila

Apr. 9, 1942 Fall of Bataan

Apr. 10, 1942 The “Death

March” starts

May 14, 1942 Corregidor falls

Aug. 1, 1942 ManuelQuezon

dies at Saranac

Lake in N.Y.

Oct. 14, 1943 Japanese-

sponsored

independence

DATE EVENTS

Sept. 21, 1944 about 71

American

bombers start

the

bombardment

of Manila

Oct. 23, 1944 The

Philippines’

exiled

government

returns

Oct. 24-26, 1944 Battle of Leyte

Gulf

Oct. 25, 1944 Battle of

Surigao Strait

Jan. 9, 1945 Lingayen

Gulf landings

DATE EVENTS

Feb. 27, 1945 MacArthur

turns over the

Reins of power

to Osmeña

Mar. 3, 1945 American

troops retake

Manila after a

bloody battle

Jul. 4, 1945 Allied forces

recapture

Luzon

Jul. 26, 1945 Postdam

Declaration

Aug. 6, 1945 An American

bomber drops

the first Atomic

Bomb over

DATE EVENTS

Hiroshima.

Aug. 9, 1945 The second

Atomic bomb

is dropped over

Nagasaki

Aug. 15, 1945 Japan

surrenders at

Tokyo Bay in

Japan. World

War II in the

Pacific officially

ends.

THANK YOU !! BEN-SENSEI