Unit 4The music in the Classicism

The society of the era• The end of the absolutist monarchies in the West is.• Rise of the bourgeoisie with the French Revolution.• Declaration of human rights (U.S. 1776) and produced

the abolition of slavery.• Started the industrial revolution.• Public concerts throughout Europe.• Progressive emancipation of musicians from their empl

oyers or patrons.• Triumph of Symphony, concerto soloist and Orchestra

as musical forms.• Follows the rise of opera.

The classic style• The melody it dominates everything. • Disappears the Basso continuo.• Bars are arranged in even numbers.• The melodic themes are based on brief reason• High contrast between strong and pianos.

Melody• The melody became the most important element. He

spent composing from the Basso continuo to compose from the melody.

• Features of the melody:Clear structurePhrases and periods with small motifsHarmony simple, using the chords of I, IV and V.Soaks or cadences appear: perfect Cadence and Semicadence.

Formal elements of music elements are: (comparing it with poetry)

• Sake - important word.• Semifrase - multiple words.• Phrase - verse.• Period - stanza.• Section - poem. M M M M Semi SemiPHRASE PHRASE PHRASE PHRASE PERIOD PERIOD

SECTION

Instrumental Music of Classicism.Features:

• The music was used as ornament and sign of prestige between the monarchs and the nobility.

• Development of instruments and Orchestra.• This music is dominated by the musical form Sonata.

The Sonata scheme • Instrumental was born during the Baroque period, but it was in classicism

where it became the main composition model. This composition template was applied to the first movements of the most instrumental forms.

Exhibition: It presents two themes, linked by a bridgeTheme A: main tonality, energetic character.Bridge: Modulating passage.Theme B: key of the dominant, lyrical character.Development: The music moves by neighboring tonalities and combines the

two previous themes.Recapitulation: Returns to the exhibition. The two themes appear in the main

key. It can end with a CODA.

Instrumental forms of classicism.• Sonata for instrument soloist: usually on keyboardComposers: Scarlatti, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.

Symphony: It is the main composition for Orchestra. It has 4 movements or parties:

Allegro, Lento, Minuet and Allegro (Rondo).Concert: Alternation between soloist and Orchestra. It has several fast and slow movements.

Chamber music.Features:

• Performed by few instruments (between two and ten).• It was the music of the halls of the Court and of the bourgeoisie.• The most characteristic formation is the String Quartet:• Two violins, viola and cello.

Other formations:• Duos, trios, quartets, quintets, sextets... up to 10 instruments.

The Orchestra of classicism. The Mannheim Orchestra.

Features of the Orchestra of Mannheim:• The main section is the string instruments• Independent writing for wind instruments by way of small

solos, especially the wind wood.• Appears the clarinet.• Acquired great fame under the leadership of Johann Stamitz.• It increases the number of musicians.• Placement of the Orchestra of classicism in the scenario:

Classical vocal music

Religious music. • Features:1. You lose the prominence of former times.2. The composers worked not only for the Church.3. The works of this period are specific orders given by

composers.Some of them:The creation of Haydn.Mozart's Requiem.Solemn mass Beethoven.

La música Vocal Profana. La Ópera.• Features:1. The opera remained the genre music star.2. With her composers had fame and money.3. The opera of this period is: simple, rational and consistent

with the nature.4. It becomes a vehicle for the brilliance of singers.5. Continuous separation between arias and recitatives.6. There are two types of operas:Serious opera. DramaThe opera buffa: Comedy.

Opera Buffa. Features.1.It proposes everyday issues2.The language was of the country3.Simple music with popular themes4.There are fewer characters.5.The recitatives were replaced, sometimes

with spoken parts

La danza en el Clasicismo

El Ballet d´action• In the mid-18th-century ballet will undergo a great transformation thanks

to the dancer and French choreographer Jean Georges Noverre.• This ballet to thanks to the dance, MIME and music tell a story.

Leaving aside poetry and song.• Other choreographers such as Gáspero Angiolini also created ballets

for action and pantomime. Noverre and Angiolino worked with the main composers of the time, especially with Gluck

Features:• Usually it was tragic.• Music is at the service of the scene, is written especially for dance• The Corps de ballet is used as a backdrop for intervention of the protagoni

sts.• Very important is given to the gestures and expressions of the face. You

are looking for natural and delicate movements• The clothing adapts to the needs of the dance.

Evolution of Dancer Costume

The minuet. Society dance All dances studied so far, the only one that survived the passage of time and

fashions in the 18th century was the minuet.

It is a dance of French origin with a ternary rhythm and quiet movement. Itsupports a tripartite form composed of a minuet and a trio and repetition of the

first minuet. A-B- A

We must not forget that the minuet was introduced also as regular movement in symphonies, sonatas and chamber music.