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Classicism17th century Europe
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Definition
Classicism - a term that, when applied generally, means clearness,elegance, symmetry and repose produced by attention to
traditional forms
More precisely, the term refers to the admiration and imitation of
Greek and Roman literature, art and architecture kalon kai agathon Greek ideal of beautiful and good
17thcentury France, Italy, Germany and England
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Historical Context
- the emerging of absolutist monarchies (FranceLouisthe XIVle roi soleil)
- the restoration of the monarchy in England (Stuart
Dynasty) -The 30 Years War
-religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants
- witch hunts
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Absolutist monarchy
Louis XIV, King of France
Letat, cest moi!
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Restoration of the Monarchy
in England
King Charles II of England
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Ferdinand II
German Kaiser
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The Thirty Years War (1618 1648)France EnglandNorway-Denmark Sweden
The Holy Roman Empire
Spain Austria Bavaria
Bohemia NetherlandsSaxony Scotland
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Witchcraft Trials
Awitch-hunt is a search for witches or evidence of witchcraft,often involving moral panic, mass hysteria and mob lynching, butin historical instances also legally sanctioned and involvingofficial witchcraft trials.
The classical period of witch-hunts in Europe falls into the EarlyModern period or about 1450 to 1700, spanning the upheavals oftheReformation and theThirty Years' War, resulting in tens ofthousands of executions.
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Witch- trial
estimatednumberof burned witches :
1-9 million(15th-18thcentury)
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What is a Witch? Characteristics of a witch : lack of church attendance the presence on a field before a storm
knowledge of herbs
kindredship or friendship to an already convicted witch
homelessness witchy appearance
old age
witch-signs: non-sensitive parts of the body due to alliance with the Devil
inability to shed tears
low body-weight
unable to drown in water
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The Crucible
The CrucibleA. Miller
The Crucible - movie
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Cultural Context
- painting: N. Poussin, Le Brun, J.M. Moreau
- architecture: Versailles Palace, Die Alte Oper, La
Madeleine, etc.
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Literature
vraisemblance the imitation of nature, the spirit of truth,harmony, artistic equilibrium of the work
"Classical unities" of time, place and action Unity of time referred to the need for the entire action of the play to take
place in a fictional 24-hour period
Unity of place meant that the action should unfold in a single location
Unity of action meant that the play should be constructed around a single'plot-line', such as a tragic love affair or a conflict between honour andduty.
elevated, adorned style and language
purity of genres
moralising value : fables by La Fontaine
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Literature - Tragedy
Imitation of the Antique writers
Tragic ending
Corneille : El Cid, Fedra
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Literature - Comedy
The satire: term applied to any work of literature or art whoseobjective is ridicule. It is more easily recognized than defined. From ancienttimes satirists have shared a common aim: to expose foolishness in all its
guisesvanity, hypocrisy, pedantry, idolatry, bigotry, sentimentalityand toeffect reform through such exposure. The many diverse forms their statements
have taken reflect the origin of the word satire, which is derived from theLatin satura, meaning dish of mixed fruits, hence a medley ColumbiaEncyclopedy
Topics dealing with everyday life
Linear (non-evolving) characterthe avaricious, the misanthrope (Molire)
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Literature - Novels
Topics: sentimental, adventure or philosophical drama
Subjective narrative
Complex characters, built around a main characteristic
truth, honour, dedication, etc.
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Literature - Poetry
Fixed-form poetry: the idyll, the elegy, ode or satire
Rigorous in form and structure
Moralising and teaching character of poems
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La MadeleineParis, France
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Chateau de Versaillesnear Paris, France
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The British MuseumLondon, UK