P3 outline the gross structure of all the main body systems

Structure and Function of the Major Body Systems.You have been employed by a local hospital to help develop resources for a group of trainee nurses. You are required to produce a detailed booklet outlining the structure and function of the major body systems.The booklet should cover the following areas;

• Cardiovascular system• Respiratory system• Digestive system• Renal system• Nervous system• Endocrine system• Musculo-skeletal system• Immune system• Lymphatic system• Reproductive system (male and

female)

STARTERWhat do you know about the heart?

- On a post it note, come up with any terms you know or can remember about the structure of the heart.

(particularly the structure)

Year 12

The Heart

LO = Recall the structure of the heart and how it’s structure relates to function

6.1

The Human HeartThe heart is a muscular organ located between the lungs in the centre of the chest (thorax), and is about the size of a fist.

It pumps blood continuously around the body. It pumps blood around the body at different speeds and pressures according to the body’s needs.

It is divided into two halves, left and right. Each half acts as a separate pump

The Human heart consists of four chambers.

Each half consists of an upper atrium and a lower ventricle.

Two upper chambers, called the atria, are thin walled cavities that receive bloodfrom veins.

Two lower chambers, called the ventricles, are thick walled cavities that receive blood from the atria and pump blood away from the heart through artiers .

The cavity of the heart is divided completely by a partition called the SEPTUM

Septum

The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out intothe body’s arteries via the AORTA

Deoxygenated bloodreturns to the right side of the heart via theVENA CAVADeoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via thePULMONARY ARTERY

The left side of theheart receives oxygenatedblood from the lungs via thePULMONARY VEINS

RIGHT HAND SIDE LEFT HAND SIDE

Atrioventricular valve

Atrioventricular valveSemilunar valvesSemilunar valves

VIDEOhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

Heart Anatomy

USE THE TERMS BELOW:(ignore valves for now!)

Left VentricleRight Ventricle

Left AtriumRight Atrium

SeptumAorta

Pulmonary ArteryPulmonary Vein

Superior Vena CavaInferior Vena Cava

Tricuspid valveBicuspid valve

TASK: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE HEART

(ALWAYS STATE LEFT OR RIGHT!!!)

EXTENSION: Why are the walls of atria thinner than the walls of the ventricles and why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?

Rightatrium Left

atrium

Rightventricle

Leftventricle

The direction of blood flow through the heart is maintained be valves

Between the atrium andThe ventricles are theATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

This valve prevents the backflowof blood from the ventriclesto the atriumPocket-shapes valves knownas SEMILUNAR VALVES are located at the base of the arteries responsible for transporting blood away from the heart and preventing black flow in to ventricles Semilunar

valves

Aorta

PulmonaryArtery

Valves

Valves viewed from above

Thinner-walled right

ventricle

Thicker-walled leftventricle

AV Valve AV Valve

Semi-lunarvalve

Semi-lunarvalve

Heart Valves

KEY TERMS

KEY TERMSThe aorta is connected to the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.

The vena cava is connected to the right atrium and brings deoxygenated blood back from the tissues of the body.

The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The Pulmonary vein is connected to the left atrium and brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs.

The semi-lunar valves are found in the aorta and pulmonary artery. They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.

The atrioventricular (AV) valve lie between the atria and ventricles. They stop the blood flowing back from the ventricles into the atria. They have strong fibres and cords to stop them turning inside out.

R A L A

R V LV

C A P IL L A R IE SIN L U N G S

C A P IL L A R IE SA R O U N D

B O D Y T IS S U E S

Left side of the heart receives

Oxygenated blood and deliversit to the body tissues

Deoxygenated blood and delivers it to the lungs

Right side of the heart receives