P3 outline the gross structure of all the main body systems
Structure and Function of the Major Body Systems.You have been employed by a local hospital to help develop resources for a group of trainee nurses. You are required to produce a detailed booklet outlining the structure and function of the major body systems.The booklet should cover the following areas;
• Cardiovascular system• Respiratory system• Digestive system• Renal system• Nervous system• Endocrine system• Musculo-skeletal system• Immune system• Lymphatic system• Reproductive system (male and
female)
STARTERWhat do you know about the heart?
- On a post it note, come up with any terms you know or can remember about the structure of the heart.
(particularly the structure)
Year 12
The Heart
LO = Recall the structure of the heart and how it’s structure relates to function
6.1
The Human HeartThe heart is a muscular organ located between the lungs in the centre of the chest (thorax), and is about the size of a fist.
It pumps blood continuously around the body. It pumps blood around the body at different speeds and pressures according to the body’s needs.
It is divided into two halves, left and right. Each half acts as a separate pump
The Human heart consists of four chambers.
Each half consists of an upper atrium and a lower ventricle.
Two upper chambers, called the atria, are thin walled cavities that receive bloodfrom veins.
Two lower chambers, called the ventricles, are thick walled cavities that receive blood from the atria and pump blood away from the heart through artiers .
The cavity of the heart is divided completely by a partition called the SEPTUM
Septum
The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood out intothe body’s arteries via the AORTA
Deoxygenated bloodreturns to the right side of the heart via theVENA CAVADeoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs via thePULMONARY ARTERY
The left side of theheart receives oxygenatedblood from the lungs via thePULMONARY VEINS
RIGHT HAND SIDE LEFT HAND SIDE
Atrioventricular valve
Atrioventricular valveSemilunar valvesSemilunar valves
VIDEOhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
Heart Anatomy
USE THE TERMS BELOW:(ignore valves for now!)
Left VentricleRight Ventricle
Left AtriumRight Atrium
SeptumAorta
Pulmonary ArteryPulmonary Vein
Superior Vena CavaInferior Vena Cava
Tricuspid valveBicuspid valve
TASK: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE HEART
(ALWAYS STATE LEFT OR RIGHT!!!)
EXTENSION: Why are the walls of atria thinner than the walls of the ventricles and why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?
Rightatrium Left
atrium
Rightventricle
Leftventricle
The direction of blood flow through the heart is maintained be valves
Between the atrium andThe ventricles are theATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
This valve prevents the backflowof blood from the ventriclesto the atriumPocket-shapes valves knownas SEMILUNAR VALVES are located at the base of the arteries responsible for transporting blood away from the heart and preventing black flow in to ventricles Semilunar
valves
Aorta
PulmonaryArtery
Valves
Valves viewed from above
Thinner-walled right
ventricle
Thicker-walled leftventricle
AV Valve AV Valve
Semi-lunarvalve
Semi-lunarvalve
Heart Valves
KEY TERMS
KEY TERMSThe aorta is connected to the left ventricle and carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
The vena cava is connected to the right atrium and brings deoxygenated blood back from the tissues of the body.
The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The Pulmonary vein is connected to the left atrium and brings oxygenated blood back from the lungs.
The semi-lunar valves are found in the aorta and pulmonary artery. They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.
The atrioventricular (AV) valve lie between the atria and ventricles. They stop the blood flowing back from the ventricles into the atria. They have strong fibres and cords to stop them turning inside out.
R A L A
R V LV
C A P IL L A R IE SIN L U N G S
C A P IL L A R IE SA R O U N D
B O D Y T IS S U E S
Left side of the heart receives
Oxygenated blood and deliversit to the body tissues
Deoxygenated blood and delivers it to the lungs
Right side of the heart receives