The impact of open textbook adoption on psychology students
Dept. of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic UniversityOER Research
Fellow, Open Education GroupFmr. Faculty Fellow, BC Open Textbook
ProjectRajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.Enhancing Pedagogy viaOpen Educational
PracticesTHE FUTURE IS OPEN
@thatpsychprof
1
2
higher education shall be equally accessible to all
Source: Canadian Federation of Students, Funding for
Post-Secondary Education (2013)
4
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage BC
student debt in 2011 was $29,4973 years after graduating, only 34%
are debt freeBC students now work 180% more hours than they did in
1975 to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion
rates drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041%
since 1977
5
"Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant"bypeasapis licensed
underCC BY 2.0Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student
loansIn Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15
billionAverage BC student debt in 2011 was $29,4973 years after
graduating, only 34% are debt freeBC students now work 180% more
hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches
$10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%The cost of
textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977
6
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage student
debt in Canada is $28,4953 years after graduating, only 34% are
debt freeBC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates
drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since
1977Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
7
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage student
debt in Canada is $28,4953 years after graduating, only 34% are
debt freeBC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates
drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since
1977
8
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage student
debt in Canada is $28,4953 years after graduating, only 34% are
debt freeBC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates
drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since
1977
9
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage student
debt in Canada is $28,4953 years after graduating, only 34% are
debt freeBC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates
drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since
1977
10
Half of Bachelors degree graduates rely on student loansIn Sept.
2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billionAverage student
debt in Canada is $28,4953 years after graduating, only 34% are
debt freeBC Students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975
to pay for PSEWhen debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates
drop from 59% to 8%The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since
1977
11
12
What can YOU do?Survey your student body#textbookbroke
campaignPresentations Utilize visuals, create displaysSpeak
directly to faculty & adminSuggest that faculty review a
textbookShowcase examplesForm a student-led OER groupConnect.
Collaborate.
open.bccampus.ca
13
Buy used (if possible)Buy onlineResell (if possible)RentShared
purchase(Inter)library loansPhotocopyInternational editionOld
edition
15
University of Minnesota studentI figured French hadn't changed
that much
17
18
60%+ do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost 35%
take fewer courses due to textbook cost 31% choose not to register
for a course due to textbook cost23% regularly go without textbooks
due to cost14% have dropped a course due to textbook cost10% have
withdrawn from a course due to textbook costSource: 2012 student
survey by Florida Virtual CampusThere is a direct relationship
between textbook costs and student success
20
"Crazy Stunt"byRoss G. Strachanis licensed underCC BY-NC-ND
4.0
"circa 1890 - Hamlin's Wizard Oil"byclotho98is licensed underCC
BY-NC 4.0
"'THAT WAS EASY!'"byjoepoppis licensed underCC BY-NC-ND 2.0
22
Principal Agent Dilemma
23
24
25
Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221
March 5, 2014, CC-BY
open = free + permissions
28
Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report
From Creative Commons (CC-BY)
29
rijksmuseum.nl
30
gutenberg.org
31
openstaxcollege.org
open.umn.eduopen.umn.eduopen.umn.edu
open.bccampus.ca
open.bccampus.ca
35
Faculty Reviews
291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
open.bccampus.ca
36
The Great Psychology Testbank Sprint
The Great Psychology Testbank Sprint
The Great Psychology Testbank Sprint
42
Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report
"Opening the Curriculum: Open Education Resources in U.S. Higher
Education, 2014"byI. Elaine Allen & Jeff Seaman, Babson Survey
Research Groupis licensed underCC BY 4.0 Those who have adopted OER
rate the quality of OER as significantly higher: F(1, 35) = 7.88, p
= .008, = 0.18 (Jhangiani et al., 2015)
80%75%
45
Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of the modules/chapters
in the open textbook
Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)N = 105%
Overall, I am satisfied with the convenience, access, &
portability of the open textbook%Jhangiani & Le Grand
(2014)
47
The cost savings that come with an open textbook are important
to me%Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)
What is the average cost of the textbooks that you purchase for
your other courses?
Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)%
I would have preferred to pay for a traditional textbook for
this course
Jhangiani & Le Grand (2014)%
I would not have bought the text book for this course because
it's an elective. I would have possibly walked away with a C, now I
might actually get an A- It is easily accessible and convenient.
Material is easy to understand and follow I personally really like
the convenience of having the complete set of chapters on my
computer and even accessible from my phone if I need it. I like
that I don't have to lug around another text bookIt's free and it's
a great money saver
13 Peer Reviewed Studieshttp://openedgroup.org/
52
65,350 Students
http://openedgroup.org/
53
Fischer et al. (2015)Quasi-experimental designPropensity-score
matched groups16,727 students taking 15 courses at 10
institutionsOER students:Lower withdrawal rates (2-0-13)More likely
to pass with a C- or better (5-1-9)Higher course grades
(4-1-10)Enrolled in more courses (current & subsequent
semesters)
Fischer, L., Hilton, J., Robinson T. J., & Wiley, D. (2015).
A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption
on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students. Journal of
Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159-172.
doi:10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x
54
Jhangiani et al. (2015)Jhangiani, R., Dastur, F., LeGrand, R.,
& Penner, K. (2015). Introductory psychology textbooks: The
roles of online vs. print and open vs. traditional textbooks.
Presentation at the 2015 Open Ed Conference.p < 0.05
nsns
55
MadGladSadRad
Cost Completing with C or BetterStudent Success per
Dollar0100%$200
http://er.educause.edu/articles/2013/11/adopting-oer-a-case-study-of-crossinstitutional-collaboration-and-innovation56
MadGladSadRad
Cost Completing with C or Better
CommercialStudent Success per Dollar0100%$200
From David Wiley (CC-BY)
57
MadGladSadRad
Cost Completing with C or Better
CommercialOERStudent Success per Dollar0100%$200
58
Cost savingsAccessPortabilityCourse performanceAdapt, update,
& remixEnrolmentStudent retentionProgram completion
59
The Z-DegreeREMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A BARRIER TO STUDENT
SUCCESS THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM
Decreased cost to graduate by 25%
Increased pedagogical flexibility
Improved course completion rates
http://www.hewlett.org/blog/posts/z-zero-increasing-college-access-and-success-through-zero-textbook-cost-degrees
RESEARCH ESSAYS.I CAN WRITE RESEARCH ESSAYS
62
63
http://www.educause.edu/library/resources/assessing-impact-and-efficacy-open-access-chemwiki-textbook-project64
>8,500 Psychology articlesViewed >64,000 times every six
months~63% have gone through Wikipedias peer assessment~9% have
achieved good article status
65
BenefitsAchieve deeper understanding of the topic (Farzan &
Kraut, 2013)Evaluate and defend credibility of sources (Marentette,
2014)Write more concisely and think more critically (Farzan &
Kraut, 2013)Collaborating with students from around the world
(Karney, 2012)Provide and receive constructive feedback (Ibrahim,
2012)Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012)Communicate ideas to a
general audience (APS, 2013)
67
14,000
33,000
92%Students who have taken on Wikipedia assignments since
2010
New articles that students have created
Instructors who say they will, or plan to, teach with Wikipedia
again
http://wikiedu.org/blog/2015/08/04/spring_2http://wikiedu.org/changing/students/015_survey/69
70
71
72
73
[email protected]
@thatpsychprof
Thank you!
