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Have you ever wondered how France has become the nation it is today. If so now is your chance to watch a powerpoint by expert of the philosophers of the time and how they impacted the French Revolution. In this slideshow, you will be able to learn some basic information of the four main french philosophers, and an in depth analysis, into how they affect France. As Always Kiczales Presentation have a no plagiarism policy.
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The French PhilosophersA four part presentation on the people who changed
France
By: Alex Kiczales
Home:
Index Part 1: About Voltaire.
Part 2: About Montesquieu.
Part 3: About Rousseau.
Part 4: In depth analysis into one of the philosophes.
About Voltaire: 1694-1778.
Also know as François-Marie D’Arouet.
Writer and Social activist.
Helped define the enlightenment.
Most famous of the three philosophers.
(Stanford University)
Basic information:
About Voltaire: Voltaire, is the most well-known of all the philosophes, that is
mainly because of his actions he took in life and what some of the consequences where. His most notable punishment was when “he was imprisoned in the Bastille for eleven months”, because he wrote nasty things about the French government (Simpson). Even after his imprisonment in one of the worst prisons at the time, Voltaire still got in trouble. In 1726, he would insult a young nobleman, “and was given two options: imprisonment or exile”, Voltaire decide to choose exile (Simpson). Eight years later Voltaire would be exiled from France, again after criticism of the French government.
On top of being one of the biggest critics of his time, Voltaire was also a brilliant author, who wrote many books and plays.
Voltaire died in 1778 in Paris, and due to his criticism of the church he was not allowed to be buried on church ground in Paris.
About Voltaire: “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend
to the death your right to say it.”
“Everything’s fine today, that is our illusion.”
“It is difficult to free fools from the chains they revere.”
“History is a pack of lies we play on the dead.”
Voltaire.
(izquotes.com)
Notable Quotes:
About Voltaire:
Views, in pictures:
The fence illustrates how Voltaire felt most of his life because he was imprisoned and exiled from France multiple times. These two pictures of the government
building, and the church, illustrate how Voltaire wasn’t happy with how the church and the French government work.
About Montesquieu: 1689-1755.
Also know as Baron de Montesquieu, and Charles-Louis de Secondat.
Great political philosopher.
(Stanford University)
Basic information:
About Montesquieu: Montesquieu was one of the greatest public activists during the
French Revolution, and also a master of politics and law. One of his great political ideas was that everything is made up of laws that can never change. Meaning that a law can be exactly the same for hundreds of years. Because philosophes believe that things have to be proven by using fact not theory, Montesquieu went out to prove his idea on laws, by conducting scientific experiments.
Montesquieu believed in 3 types of government like there are today (Republic, Despotism and Monarchy). Montesquieu also believed that the best kind of government is a government where the people decide who is the ruler. He also believed that the best kind of government is one that divides power among 3 groups of people. He looked at England as an example where they divided the power among the “king (who enforced laws), Parliament (who made laws) and the judges of the English courts (interpreted laws)”(Simpson). This idea of division, is called the separation of powers.
About Montesquieu: “To become truly great, one has to stand with
people, not above them.”
“Useless laws weaken the necessary laws.”
“Political liberty is to be found only in moderate governments.”
Charles de Montesquieu.
(izquotes.com)
Notable quotes:
About Montesquieu:
Views, in pictures:
This old law book shows how Montesquieu believed that laws never change and are here forever. This cartoon shows different kinds
of government. Montesquieu believed that there were three different kinds of government.
This cartoon shows how Montesquieu proved things by using a scientific method.
About Rousseau: 1712-1788.
Full name: Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Great Political Philosopher, and moral psychologist.
(Stanford University)
Basic information:
About Rousseau: Rousseau is one of the best authors of his time, with many
famous writing such as “Discours sur les science et les art”, and the “Discours on Political Economy”. Rousseau was able to write these master essays on problems with the government at the time, even though he didn’t go to a university.
In 1762 Rousseau made a monumental proposal, when he proposed that France should have social contract. The social contract that Rousseau proposed is a contract that France a society that the citizens form themselves is “wholly governed by reference to general will” (Simpson).
Rousseau also wrote many other essay, including the “Considerations of the Government of Poland”, through out all his essay authorities tried to stop the spread of his ideas, instead Rousseau’s ideas where spread all across the world.
About Rousseau: “No man has any natural authority over his
fellow men.”
“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”
“Free people, remember this maxim: we may acquire liberty, but it is never recovered if it lost.”
Jean Jacques Rousseau.
(izquotes.com)
Notable Quotes:
About Rousseau:
Views, in pictures:
This essay (Not written by Rousseau), illustrates how Rousseau wrote many different essays about different problems at the time.
This Civil Code of France, illustrates how Rousseau wanted France to develop a civil code. (Note the date of publication which is after he died.)
Analysis: Montesquieu like all of the philosophers of his time, brought new ideas to the period
called the enlightenment, which would later lead to the French revolution.
Montesquieu mainly influenced the country with his ideas of how government should function. At the time France was under a Monarchy with a King as a ruler. This was just one of the three types of government that he believed in which included a republic, and a despotism. Montesquieu also had ideas on how the government should operate, and “he though England” was a role model for good government (Simpson). At the time England had just undergone their civil war, and there government was being reshaped. Montesquieu liked England because they had something called the separation of powers. The separation of powers where basically what different parts of the government had what powers, at that time England was separated into three separate groups, The King, The Parliament, and The English Courts. These 3 separate groups had different powers, “The King (enforced the laws), The Parliament (made the laws), and The English Courts (who interpreted the laws) (Simpson).
Montesquieu also, believed that women where good rulers because he says “it is against reason for women to be mistresses in the house… but not for them to govern an empire”. Because of his support behind women, women made a big role in the collapse of the French government.
Work Cited: For information on the work cited of this project
please contact us personally.
