Definition: A group of eighteenth-century French writers and
philosophers, including men such as Voltaire, Montesquieu,
Rousseau, and Diderot Significance: 1) emphasized the supremacy of
human reason 2) supported freedom of expression and social,
economic, and political reform 3) helped inspire the American,
French, and Latin American Revolutions (Spodek 533) AO
Slide 5
Definition: a hierarchal division in France consisting of 3
main Estates 1 st Estate: Clergy 2 nd Estate: Nobility 3 rd Esate:
everyone else (including the bourgeoisie, merchants, etc.)
Significance: 1) revolt of the Third Estate (wanted to put an end
to the privileges of the clergy and nobility) leads to the National
Assembly and the Oath of the Tennis Court and eventually the
drafting of a new constitution for France (constitutional monarchy)
(Spodek 540) AO
Slide 6
Definition: the leading urban professional and commercial
classes of the Third Estate Significance: 1) The French Revolution
began as a result of the Kings need for funds King Louis XVI looks
to the Third Estate for these funds More specifically the
bourgeoisie because of their increasing commercial power and
influence, not to mention the greater amount of wealth that this
group had involved in the revolt of the Third Estate against the
nobles and clergy of the other 2 Estates (Spodek 540) AO
Slide 7
Definition: A technique launched by the Committee of Public
Safety, started by the French Convention, in an attempt to govern
during international and civil warfare against
counter-revolutionaries Significance: 1) brutal treatment of the
French people (execution, drowning, etc.) 2) Desire to wage war-
instituted a levee en masses/military draft 3) mob inspired
violence throughout France (Spodek 543) AO
Slide 8
Definition: A group of eighteenth-century French writers and
philosophers, including men such as Voltaire, Montesquieu,
Rousseau, and Diderot Significance: 1) emphasized the supremacy of
human reason 2) supported freedom of expression and social,
economic, and political reform 3) helped inspire the American,
French, and Latin American Revolutions (Spodek 533) AO
Slide 9
Anna Olson AO
Slide 10
(Spodek 545 547) Who: Napoleon introduced the principal legal
and administrative reforms of the revolution. Napoleon also
established Code Napoleon (Civil Code) in 1804. In the same year he
became emperor of France. He was able to end the French Revolution
through military power as well as law and order. Through this,
Napoleon was also able to start Nationalism. He ruled from 1799
1815. So What: With Napoleons reform put into play in France, he
was able to bring a temporary peace in France and his conquest in
different regions expanded France. He brought some equality in his
land with the civil code and was able to reach a concordat with the
pope, ending the conflict between the state and church. However,
due to overconquest, Napoleon lost and was exiled. Brian Jing
Napoleon of France Source: http://john07eom.files.wordpress.
com/2009/03/napoleon_great.jp g Picture is an active link to its
source
Slide 11
(Spodek 540 543) Who: King Louis XVI was king of France and was
able to establish General Estates in the year of 1789. Louis was
later married to Mary Antoinette which brought public humiliation
to the household of France. King Louis XVI also solicited funds by
convening leaders of the French people through the Estates. The
wealth Louis wanted to gain control of was the first two estates
and the bourgeoisie. So What: Due to the dislike of the Third
Estate, a new constitution was established in the Tennis Court
Oath. The constitution said that the people would continuing
fighting until a new constitution would be made. It was due to
Louis that sparked the French Revolution. Brian Jing King Louis XVI
posing
http://www.albion.edu/psychology/fac_psyc/jwilson/nspharm/louisxvi.jpg
Picture is an active link to its source
Slide 12
(Spodek 551 553) Who: Simon Bolivar was a Creole elite of the
Latin American Revolution who studied philosophes in Europe. In
1807, Bolivar joined movements of independence that swept the
region undercutting Spanish authority. In 1813, Bolivar brought
Venezuelan independence from his capture of Caracas. In 1819,
Bolivar established the republic of Columbia. In 1825, after
meaning feats involving conquest, Bolivar was elected president of
Brazil. So What: Bolivars conquest of so many South American
regions was ultimately able to unify Latin America. Brian Jing A
confident Simon Bolivar
http://s3.amazonaws.com/findagrave/photos/2002/36/11917_1013005986.jpg
Picture is an active link to its source
Slide 13
(Spodek 553) Who: Father Miguel Hidalgo led the first wave of
Mexicos revolt until he was executed in 1811. Hidalgo wanted to
assert special privileges and landholdings of the church. The early
Mexican independence was inspired by the incipient liberation
theology of priests like Hidalgo. So What: Mexico was able to gain
independence in 1821 partially from Hidalgos efforts. His movement
challenged the authority, Creoles, to lessen peasant poverty. Brian
Jing A Portrait of Father Miguel Hidalgo
http://www.elsoldelacosta.com/images/hidalgo.jpeg Picture is an
active link to its source
Slide 14
1. Religious Discrimination is suppressed: 1. French Revolution
surpasses the British in creating freedom for all faiths (like
Jewish people) so that they are allowed to be citizens. 2. The
National Convention deletes slavery: 1. Even though Napoleon
reinstates slavery, it shows that there are clear distinctions
between color and race 3. Equality for males occurs 4. Revolution
provides inspirations for others 1. United States 2. Haiti (Spodek
557) 2009 by Allison Wang
Slide 15
1. The Terror destroys many people (Spodek 543). 1. The
Committee of Public Safety executes about 40,000 people and
established a military draft of amount 800,000 men. 2. There is
still much class antagonism. 1. Class antagonism can be seen
between the nobility and the third estate at the most. 2. Although
the Catholic clergy were alientated during the time of the
Committees Robespierre in 1794 (Spodek 544). (Spodek 557) 2009 by
Allison Wang
Slide 16
It was the first and only successful slave revolt in history It
gave hope and inspiration to other slaves at the time Britain and
other countries like the US started abolishing the slave trade in
fear of further slave revolts. (Spodek 548,550) 2009 by Allison
Wang
Slide 17
Even though Bolivar was able to conquer much of South America
Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina he still feels
dissatisfied. His dissatisfaction results from the warfare amongst
his generals for the independence of their unit leads to Bolivars
stricter ruling. His previous supporters dont like his ruling so he
barely escaped an assassination attempt on him. After this, he
returned to Europe feeling defeated and disillusioned. (Spodek 537)
2009 by Allison Wang
Slide 18
Slide 19
Legend: Nation City Mexico Haiti Cuba Havana 2009 by Allison
Wang
