The Evolution of Photography

Ana Teolis

First Pinhole Camera AKA Camera Obscura (1000 AD)

Alhazen (965 CE- 1040) invented the first Camera Obscura.

The Camera Obscura (dark room) defines: “A darkened chamber in which the real image of an object is received

through a small opening or lens and focused in natural color onto a facing surface rather than recorded on a film or plate.”

The first portable camera Obscura was invented around the 1660’s by an Irish scientist named Robert Boyle and his assistant Robert Hooke.

Johann Zahn built the first portable drawing aid of the camera Obscura in 1685. At that time, the only way to grasp an image was by manually tracing them.

First Photographic Image (1827)

• In the year of 1827, Joseph Nicephore had invented the first ‘Photographic Image’ with the camera Obscura.

• Unfortunately, the first photograph accidentally got destroyed by getting exposed by the daylight.

• The materials Joseph had used to take the first photo ever taken was produced with a “ polished Pewter Plate covered with a Petroleum called ‘Bitumen of Judea, which he then dissolved in white Petroleum.

• In the year of 1727, Johann Heinrich Schultz discovered thatSilver nitrate darkens when exposedto light.

• Louis Daguerre, a Frenchman was experimenting on how to actually capture a photograph.

• He then realized that it would take him a dozen years before he would be able to reduce the exposure less than 30 minutes and keep the image from fading away later on.

Louis Daguerre

The Birth of Modern Photography

• Louis Daguerre was the inventor of the first practical process of photography.

• In 1839, after many years of experimenting on how to capture an image, Daguerre developed a more convenient and effective of photography, naming it after himself, “ The Daguerreotype”.

Steps:1. Fix the image on a sheet of silver-plate copper.2. Polish silver plate and coat it in iodine (this creates a surface that will be

sensitive to light).3. Put plate in camera and expose it for a few minutes. 4. Once image is painted by light, Daguerre bathes the plate in solution of

silver chloride. 5. This process will create an image that would last for a long time, and will

not get exposed to the light.

Negative to Positive Process

• A positive image is a normal image in color. • A negative image is the opposite of the • positive, • as the light color areas will appear dark and • vise versa. • Henry Fox Talbot and a mathematician • invented the• first negative from which multiple positive • prints were made.• Steps on how to make a negative image:1. Sensitize paper to light with a silver salt2. solution3. Expose paper to light4. Once Background becomes black, and the5. subject6. (object) gets delivered in variations of grey

A paper negative is the paper used to print the negative images.

With the paper negative, Talbot made contact prints, reversing the light and shadows to create a detailed picture.

In the year of 1841, Talbot made a perfect sample the paper negative process and named it a Calotype, meaning ‘beautiful picture’ in Greek.

Tintypes• A Tintype is “ a photograph made

by creating a direct positive on a sheet of iron metal that is blackened by painting, enameling and is used as support for a Collodion (highly flammable solution) photographic emulsion.”

• The Tintype was patented by Hamilton Smith in 1856.

• The dry plate was invented in 1879.• The dry plate is a glass negative

plate with a dried gelatin (wobbly) emulsion.”

• Now that the dry plate was invented, photographers no longer needed to transport portable darkrooms.

• Photographer were also now free to hire technicians to develop their photographs.

• The first ever hand-held camera was created now that the dry processes could absorb light quite rapidly.

Dry Plate Negatives and Hand-held Cameras

Flexible Roll Film• George Eastman invented the film • with a base that was flexible, stable, • and could be rolled.

In came photographs with colors in the early 1940s that got sold in markets.

Color Photographs

CHEESE!

Photographic Films

• In 1889, the first flexible roll films were • created. • These roll films were created with • Cellulose Nitrate.• This Cellulose Nitrate releases • oxidants and acidic gasses and is also• highly flammable.

Mmmm… interesting

Photographic Prints

• The way the first printed photographs developed were with linen rag papers.

Daguerreotype Cameras

• Instrument makers or photographers used the Daguerreotype process to make the camera.

• Back then, the most popular cameras were used with a sliding-box design. In front of the box were the lens.

• There was another box a bit smaller that slid in back of the larger box.

• To focus the image, the rear box slid forward and vise versa.

Box Camera AKA Kodak Camera

• George Eastman invented the first Kodak camera.

Flashlight Powder• Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke invented the

flashlight powder in Germany.

• Waxy spores from club moss was used in the first flashlight powder.

Flashbulbs• Paul Vierkotter invented the first • modern flashbulb.

• In the year of 1930, the 23rd of • September, the flashbulb became • commercial patented by Johannes • Ostermeier.

• They named these first commercial • flashbulbs “Vacublitz”.

Filters• Frederick Wratten was the inventor and manufacturer of

the first ever filters.• He also founded the first photographic supply business,

named “Wratten Filters” 1878.• In 1912, Wratten Filters company got purchased by

Eastman Kodak.

35mm Cameras

• The creator of the 35mm cameras was Oskar Barnack.• Barnack came up with the idea of “reducing the format of film

negatives and then enlarging the photographs after they had been exposed.”

• With this brilliant plan of his, using an instrument that took exposure sample for cinema film, he converted it to the ever first 35mm camera, “The Urleica.”

Instant Photos• Edwin Herbert Land was the inventor of Instant Photos/ or Polaroid

photography.• He basically developed his ‘one-step’ process by printing

photographs which created instant photography. • In 1948, the first Polaroid camera got sold to the public.

Disposable Cameras

• It was in 1986 that disposable cameras got created.• The inventor is named Fuji.• Knowing that these cameras could be recycled, the public suggested that

the camera should be called “ Single-use Cameras.”

Digital Cameras

• The famous Canon camera brand in today’s society got demonstrated in 1984.

Look at how far we have gone!!!

TO