The democratic approach

THE DEMOCRATIC APPROACH

GREESHMA KRISHNAN .C

M.Ed

Pondicherry University

THE DEMOCRATIC APPROACH

Accepting individual responsibilities within a democratic social context is a functional strategy for individual development.

Rudolf Dreikur’s Democratic Approach

Gives teachers the skills necessary…

^^to comprehend the motives and goals of children in classrooms,

^^to alter motives, when necessary to preserve the social and personal well-being of learners,

^^ to facilitate classroom behaviors which are socially and academically productive and responsible in a democratic setting.

DEMOCRATIC STRATEGIES & MODULAR APPROACH

Democratic Approach:*SENSITIVITY TRAINING*RECAPITULATION *DRILL WORK*REVIEW*ASSIGNMENT*INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE STRATEGIES

SENSITIVITY TRAINING

*Helps an individual to sensitize the real feelings, values and intents of others.

*Helps to become sensitive to the communications of others and able to discern the real from the artificial.

*Better face to face communication

FOUNDERS :LELAND BRADFORDRONALD LIPPITTKENNETH BENNE

Advantages of Sensitivity Training student’s behavior can be analyzed social capabilities of the student can be

developed tolerance and adjustment capability among

the students can be developed appreciation-- motivation behavior efficiency can be enhanced A diagnostic understanding through

interaction mutual consultations leads to problem

solving

DRILL^Â learning method through reinforcing^^The important points of a chapter can be repeated ^Ît will set in the minds of the students ^^Repetition will become spontaneous soon^Êffort of using a method goes slowly^^Mostly based upon memorization and practice

STEPS

Students have to learn the content by heart

If not it will become a burden

Drill work should go only for that duration till the

students enjoy

Otherwise it will become mechanical

Specific and difficult points of the learnt knowledge

should be emphasized

Related to the actual life

Rectify errors and give assistance

Teacher should have patience

TO PREPARE TO REVIEW

FOR REMEDIES

INDUCTIVE STRATEGY

Instead of beginning with generalprinciples and eventually getting to applications, the instruction begins with specifics—a set of observations or experimental data to interpret, a case study to analyze, or a complex real-world problem to solve. [Inquiry learning, problem-based learning, project-basedlearning, case-based teaching, discovery learning] LEARNER CENTERED

DEDUCTIVE STRATEGYDeductive strategy uses presentation of principles and generalized ideas in the beginning then goes for application of this principles.

COMPLEX TO SIMPLE

ABSTRACT TO

CONCRETE

UNKNOWN TO KNOWN

RECAPITULATION

RECAP

REPETITION

REVISION

Advantages of Recapitulation

Revision of the lesson will help the students

Easy to know about the limit to which the

student has acquired new knowledge

Understand the difficult parts & the points

which students did not able to understand

So the teacher can explain again.

Tells how much the teaching is successful on

the other hand

REVIEW

Techniques

1. Rehearsal

2. Elaboration

3. Organization

4. Integration

5. Reintegration

ASSIGNMENT

A technique which is used as a follow up from the teachers side and self study from the students side. Students learn by doing. It creates interest among them. Helps for self pacing.

Types: Class assignmentHome Assignment

Importance of Assignment

1. Development of self-study habit.

2. Motivation

3. Encouragement to self-activity

4. Time saving

5. Guidance in learning

6. Help

Types of Assignment

1. Study Type: students are asked to prepare a

note on some topic.

2. Memorization Type: students try to revise

the already learnt lesson.

3. Informative: Students collect various

information about a topic as assignment.

4. Problematic: Students search out the

solution for some problems themselves

Characteristics of a Good Assignment

Motivation Accurate

Interesting Challenging

Definite and clear Economic

Stimulative Sequential

Purposeful Related to Life

Relevant Necessary Direction

Based on Individual Differences

Time Factor

Related with Prior Knowledge

Evaluation

STEPS

Lesson concerned and related with the text books

and curriculum

The topic of the assignment must be explained

with the availability of resources

The core of the subject or unit must be clarified

The hard and difficult portions of the assignment

need to be explained well

The topics units irrelevant to the assignments

must be defined very well

The questions and answers for the assignment must comprise the following

Investigate the students attitude. Need to express whether the students have

gone through the entire questions and assignment instructions

The answers must be simple and smaller in nature

Allocate space for diagrammatic illustrations by the students

Provide experimental work and tools for the students.

The references and bibliography must be annexed by the students

MODULAR APPROACHMODULE IS A…

Set of learning opportunities organized on a well defined topic which contains the elements of instruction, specific objectives, teaching learning activities and evaluation using criteria referenced measurement.

A MODULE SHOULD BE…1. Independent2. Self contained instructionSHOULD HAVE3. Systematically organized learning opportunities4. Clearly defined objectives5. Concern for individual differences6. Statement of objectives7. Association of knowledge8. Use of variety of media9. Immediate reinforcement10. Mastery of Evaluation strategy

REFERENCES

http://www4.ncsu.edu/ http://raijmr.com/ http://www.ascd.org/ http://www.ws.binghamton.edu/ Sharma, Y. K. (2007). Fundamental Aspects of Educational Technology.New Delhi:Kanishka Publishers.

THANK YOU