• anil gupta, IIMA, sristi.org• Honey Bee Network and NIF

• anilgb@gmail.com

Minds on the margin are not marginal minds

Building Bridges across Boundaries: emerging tensions in open innovation platforms

Ethical fulcrum of empathy?

Where are the fertile grounds for sprouting seeds of empathic innovations?

Samvedana ke sanskar:

Should we open the door ?How much, for whom

Technology is like

words, institutions are like grammar and

culture is like thesaurus

Three pillars of sustainability

How to build the bridge? Who can/will build the bridge?

Honey Bee Network

founded in 1987-1988

A nameless, faceless innovator or traditional knowledge holder comes into contact with the Network and gets an identity, voice, visibility and viability of its sustainable vision .

Honey Bee network ( 1987-88 )

A nameless, faceless innovator or traditional knowledge holder comes in contact with the

Network and gets the identity

 

                     

 

                     

Intellectual capital

Ethical Capital( internal regulations)

  

                     

Social capitalSocial capitalTrust, reciprocity and third party sanctionsTrust, reciprocity and third party sanctions

External regulationExternal regulation

Intellectual propertyIntellectual property( that part of ic from the ( that part of ic from the

commercial applications of which, commercial applications of which, one can exclude others for a one can exclude others for a

given period of time)given period of time)

Natural Natural capitalcapital

( ( commoditization of commoditization of resources, stored, resources, stored, sold, exchanged, sold, exchanged,

controlledcontrolled) ) Source: Gupta, 2001

Without tensions, resonance is not possible

How much tension should there be in the strings of sitar?

Tensions manifest vulnerabilities of the systemVulenrabilities bring us closer to ourselves to face

the truth

Open innovations require acceptng the truth that not all good ideas come from with in the system

Five tensions:

a)Autonomy and agency b)Accuracy versus affordabilityc)Blue print versus autopoiesis (blended, bundled and bridged innovations)d)Institution led -user adopted to user-created or co-created and corporate adopted-reverse innovatione)Symmetrical versus asymmetrical open innovation models f)Long tail versus long nose, g)scale versus sustainability

Five potentials :

a)seek solutions for future unmet needs from with in the company or outsideb)Do we serve these needs through existing heuristics or discover new frugal heuristics c)Should ethics be leveraged through efficiency, empathy and excellence or through exclusion?d)How do we harness the creativity at grassroots, through buyout or through partnership or third parties?e)Can David beat the Goliath through subterfuge or innovation?

Transformation is possible :

Story of five transformations

a)New Chemistry of sustainability equation: circular economy:b)From market led to market disruption: new forms of alliances: TATA agrico and a small innovator, BUHLER, ST Microelectronics, TATA Steel, TATA Chemicals, Yuvan Longlife, c) Frugal, friendly, flexible and futuristic heuristicsd) New models of learning from below: inverted model of innovation-children invent, engg fabricate, companies commercialise e) New models of financing and co-creation – techpedia.in, empathetic innovations

Dimensions of Inclusion

– Spaces

– Sectors

– Seasons: stable to fluctuating

– Social segments

– Skills and knowledge

Inclusive Innovation

Long tail of innovation (only a few innovations achieve scale, a large number sell a few

pieces or in a few communities)

Long nose of innovation:Take long time to come into market

Room for maneuver

Extreme affordability

•Less material

•Local material

•Repairable features

•Upgradable features

•Aspirational connect

•Sticking to essentials

•

Affordable

Accessible

available

high

low

H L

h

L

Assumption is that products or services are known, people are aware, but can they afford these, access these and if can access, can they avail them,

Material Old new

method

Old

New

Use or applications

old

New

Innovation: at least one of the three dimensions should be New

Frugality Imperatives

Material: frugality in quantity, replacement, maintenance, waste recycling

Method: distributed, concentrated, iterative versus blue print, self-correcting, local repaired or repaired from outside, or blended

Application: low end, high end, diversified or specialized locally modifieable or only experts can fix or make, robust versus sophisticated application, makeshift or permanent,

Frugality is flexible

Frugality is friendly

Frugality is extremely affordable

•Value chain redesign,

• reciprocal open innovation platform

Circular Economy

Learning platformsfrom concrete to abstract

1) Artefactual - replication of similar design

2) Analogic - metaphor to inspire

3) Heuristic - models of thinking

4) Gestalt - configurational of factors

Gupta, 2012, Own compilation

Four levels of learning

Learning at four levels:

Higher the interlinkage, greater

the depth, diversity AND development

Mohammed Usman Hanif Patel, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, class two

Artefactual level

Student Team : M. B. Avinash ,T. Govindaraju, Carsten Schmuck, Elisabeth VerheggenSupervisor Name: Dr T. Aravind Govindaraju; College Name: JNCASR www.techpedia.in

Analogic level

Self-Cleaning Molecular Material

creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration

anil

Honey Bee Network www.Sristi.org/anilg anilg@sristi.org

anilgb@gmail.comwww.nifindia.org

Techpedia.in

Autopoiesis at grassroots for inclusive development

creativity, compassion, communication and

collaboration

Low Cost Wind mill

Mehtar Hussain and Mushtaq Ahmad, Assam

Over 35 units installed in salt farming regions of Gujarat to improve livelihood of poor salt farmers

New heuristics: Maximizing output per unit of time and smoothening the flow are not always sustainable

Innovation by Mehtar Husain and Mushtaq Ahmed from Assam to Gujarat

Just 70 Euro

Stronger, durable version, 900 euro, saves diesel worth 700 euro in one season of salt making

Heuristic levelUniform flow versus flow in spurts

Is maximisation of output always good?

GESTALT LEVELCREATING open source PUBLIC STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE

creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration

anil

Honey Bee Network www.Sristi.org/anilg anilg@sristi.org

anilgb@gmail.comwww.nifindia.org

Techpedia.in

Autopoiesis at grassroots for inclusive development

creativity, compassion, communication and

collaboration

Meghalaya

Technology is like words,

institutions are

like grammar and culture is like

thesaurus

Three pillars of sustainabilityGESTALT level

Will we have the humility to learn from Ms Ram Timari Devi

Champaran, jan 2009,

How else could have i done it?

The only choice,

Honey Bee 17(1 & 2) January-June 2006

• Or shall we learn from genius of Puruliya

Is this a skilled job? How can then she be unskilled?

Thank god !, she did not know about Maslow

Discovering Indian roots of thoughts that empower us by making us vulnerable

Bhabi mahato: an unrecognised creative genius

No surface is too scarce, no place more perfect for the expression of creative spirit

even on dung cakes heap

Some principles of design, learned from every day creativity, in kitchen, farms or

firms at grassroots

The President of India honours grassroots innovators, launches National Innovation Clubs and hosts an innovation exhibition at the

President’s house; NIF becomes an Institute of Department of Science and Technology

Initiative to Institutionalisation

The former President awards children innovators every year at the IGNITE Award function by NIF at IIMA

Initiative to Institutionalisation

Nisha ChaubeNOIDABag with folding seat

Arnab from, West Bengal

Arnab, west bengal

Survesh , tamilnadu

Rudra Prasad Goswamy, 11 class, DAV Jharkhand

PEN TO CHECK CONCENTRATION

Oxygen /carbon dioxide level indicators in car

S R Valava, class 12, AEHSS, DAE Township, Kalapakkam, Tamil NaduPratyush Kumar Sahoo & Bikash Kumar Mallick, class 10, Mother Public School, Khurda, Odisha

Respirometer

Innovators: V Atchara & K Preethi, | Nellore, AP & Chennai, Tamil

Nadu

Uses •To find out the lung expansion, contraction and oxygen carrying capacity of the lungs•To monitor the breathing movements•To find out if the breathing is steady while a person is at rest•To find out how does it change when one talks•To find out how does it change when one walks/exercises•To find out how quickly is the recovery in breath after exertion or exercise

Puncturing mechanism for water bottles

Shibajyoti Choudhury, 5, & Rajashree Choudhary, 6, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

To stop the reuse of the bottle after consumption of water, a stay-tab like opening mechanism may be provided (like that in fruit juice cans) at the bottom so that the bottle gets punctured.

Alarm to indicate onset of convulsions/ seizures

Soumya Ranjan Behera, 7, Jagatisinghpur, Odisha

A device, which would indicate a fall, or a sudden onset of convulsions in epileptic, other such patients or old people, through an alarm. The device can be worn on the upper hand.

Posture correcting chair Kulsoom Rizvi, 5, Muzaffarnagar , UP & Tarun Anand, 10, Hardoi, UP

If a person is sitting on the chair in a wrong posture, an alarm will start ringing and not stop until the person corrects the posture. The height of the chair can also be adjusted using a handle.

Mobile phone with inbuilt charger Siddharthan, 11 and Karan, 12, Vellore, TN

There will be charger pin unit fixed with mobile which can fixed directly or can be extend with the loose cable. Another advantage will be that a person will not be able to talk while charging thereby preventing freak accidents.

Step lock system in busR Santhosh 11, K Rathna, A Nivashini, J Rajasekar, 10,

Tiruvarur, TN

The idea to stop bus from moving if people are standing at the steps.

Low cost Braille printer Santosh Singh & Khushwant Rai, 12, Jalandhar, Punjab

Braille printer exists in the market but at a price range that an ordinary man cannot afford. For this they have extended the functionalities of dot matrix printer with some modification to make economical printer which cost around Rs 10000/- against the market price of about a lakh.

Adjustable electricity extension board

Tenith Adithyaa,11, Virudhunagar,TN

It is a device which will eliminate the need of power strip and it has an ability to power many device at a time comparing to the existing prior art. This device has no holes for the plug like the present power strips. For that it contains long parallel slots so it allows the user to plug, many plugs at a time in every angle.

What is missing?

The realisation that there area large number of innovativeideas at grassroots levelhas not dawned on thepolicy makers and thinkers YET

If the pervasive existence of grassrootsinnovations is recognised,should one assume that they couldgo forward without risk capital?

play

But …

… there are thousands of creative people everywhere in the world who are solving social problems through their own efforts without any external help

play

play

Rider Induced bicycle Mr. Kanak Das, Assam

Bicycle based sprayer Mr. Mansukhbhai Jagani, Gujarat

Bicycle with gear Mr. Jayanti J Patel,Gujarat Bamboo bicycle

Mr. Dodhi Pathak, Assam

Amphibious BicycleMohd. Saidullah, Bihar

Bicycle based mobile spray pumpSubhas Vasantrao Jagtap, Maharastra

Multipurpose Bicycle Md. Kamruddin, Rajasthan

Bicycle operated pump

Mr. Vikram Rathore, AP Bicycle based portable Pump Mr. Nasiruddin Gayen, WB

Bicycle based Innovations

National Innovation Clubs

•Search: Celebrating the decade of innovation by scouting and mapping the creativity and innovations in the hinterland

•Spread: Disseminating/Cross-pollinating innovations across spaces, social segments and sectors

•Sense or Benchmark: Identifying the roots of persistent problems and the mindsets that trigger their continued tolerance in society to solve problems

•Celebrate: Recognising achievers in different social spheres

Few Variations of Bullet Santi / Handio

Service at your door stepSheikh Jahangir, Jalgaon, Maharshtra

Fortune at the Top of the

Ethical and Innovation Pyramid

Scooter mounted flour mill

Scooter based washing machine

Being short of material resources, it is inevitable that the Poor optimize mental resources (imagination ) resulting in extremely affordable, frugal and accessible innovations

Md Rojadeen: Champaran, Bihar

cooker for coffee, frothy espresso anywhere !!!!!!!!

Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas

Student/ Author : Sagar Chandrakant Gadkar, Amol Raghunath Kachare, Sanjay Shivaji Kachare, Suyog Hanmant JadhavGuided By : Prof. S. A. KhotCollege : Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of technology, Budhgaon, Sangli

It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the required output. Steady paddling of bicycle at 14 km/hr. for 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 35 C, brings down the temperature in box to 8 C. 

Andhra Pradesh

Meghalaya

Mizoram

Energy – new heuristics Do we harvest it efficiently?Can our mothers from the North East and Southern India teach us some thing

new?

www.techpedia.in

• a portal by SRISTI (sristi.org) pooling 167,000 engineering projects by 400k students from over 600 institutions

• engaging with youth  

Shanu Sharma, Vardan, IITK

 

Image, Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis

for people with hearing and speaking disabilities

Saurabh Saket and Rahul Ranjan Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

Saurabh Saket and Rahul Ranjan Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

Has any big company given you a fridge that also provides hot water, keeps food warm and consumes less electricity?

Lpg gas based refrigeratorChintan, Mayank, Biren Mehsana

Hot water from fridgeDhruv Mehsana

Exhaust pipe cools drivers cabin, Pune

Innovation

InvestmentEnterprise

GOLDEN TRIANGLE for rewarding CREATIVITY

Leadership is to take note of ex ante and ex post transaction costs and deal with them upfront,

If not, these are transferred to the weaker partner

Milking machines

• Manually operated, semi automatic and automatic machines for milking cows which can milk cows using a set of reciprocating vacuum pump and suction assembly unit

• Machine can milks 1.5 litre to 2 litres per minute.

Commercialization

• Over 5000 pcs are sold

• NIF signed MoU with Suntec Agri Equipements Pvt Ltd, which will sell 6000 pcs per annum through their 55 Agrimart retail outlets and 600 dealer network spread across the country.

• The cost of machine is 15-25k

Innovator: Shri Raghava Gowda, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka

Biomass Gasification SystemInnovator : Shri Rai Singh Dahiya, Jaipur, Rajasthan

• Unique gasification unit and filtering mechanism. Producer gas is cooled by water jacket/heat exchanger, cleaned by a grit filter and a baffle filter

• Gasification Efficiency 60 -70%, Thermal efficiency: 25% (tested by MNIT, Jaipur)

• Available in capacity 5 -100 kVA, single and three phase - open and closed (sound proof design, having canopy) as per the requirement of customer.

• GE helped in value addition.

Commercialization: • Over 170 units have been sold in different parts

of country; received the single order of 100 units from Meghalaya (over 60 million INR), 30 units already delivered .

• Eight units have been exported to South Africa, Kenya, Germany, Italy and Singapore.

• Price (15 kVA): INR 550,000 and 650,000 with and without canopy, respectively

Commercialization:

•NIF signed MoU with Tata Agrico•Innovator will manufacture and Tata Agrico will market the device through its outlets•A batch of 1500 machines are delivered to Tata’s and they have approved the Quality of the product.

• The device includes a hemispheric knife actuated by a hand operated lever, which can chipped the buds of sugarcane.

• The chipped buds can be shown directly in the field or nurseries may be grown

Sugarcane bud chipperInnovator: Mr. Roshan Lal Vishwakarma, Narsinghpur, Madhya Pradesh

Marine Inboard diesel engine and Z DriveInnovator: B. Mohanlal, Aleppey, Kerala

Manually tillable Z-drive system Reversible reduction gearbox

To go along with gear box for diesel engine, manually operated Z drive system is developed, which is manually tiltable and can be locked at 90 degrees while landing. It also has reduced the loss of power through horizontal shaft power transmission and result in smooth drive and better maneuverability.

The diesel engine directly couples with two reduction gears through flange coupling with engine flywheel. The innovativeness lies in the application of helical gears with inner spline cut with dual sided jaw and dog clutch. This provides the smooth running and better power transmission for the marine diesel engine.

NIF signed MoU with Matsyafed

Matsyafed gave an order of 100 machine sets – order value of about INR 68 Lakh.

Yuvan Long life

Setup with Ensigns Healthcare to manufacture and market herbal teas based on community knowledge

• Herbal Tea for Diabetes. Herbal Tea for Obesity.• Herbal Tea for Anti – Ageing.• Herbal Tea with anti –inflammatory properties.

•Herbal Tea with Anti – oxidant properties• Herbal Tea for Hypertension.

Making strategic breakthroughs

incremental innovations, adaptive trials, user-led

modifications. , incubation

 R & D with external experts, new actors

and new arrangements  

 Product Development,

amplify the form, features and

functions  

  Paradigmatic

disruption, discontinuity and non-parameteric

approaches , sanctuary model

Known

Known

Unknown

Unknown

Domain characteristics

Tec

hn

olo

gic

al p

latf

orm

s

How to reward: Portfolio of Incentives for Innovations

material-individual

Ipr or non ipr based awards

Awards

R and d grants

Endowments

non-material-individual

Recognition

Honour

Memorial

material-collective

Trust funds

Venture and incubation

funds

Collective awards

Support for Institution

building

Endowments

non-material-collective

Policy changes

Pedagogic changes

Forms of IncentivesMaterial non material

Target

of individual

Incentives

collective

Mind to Market

Herbvate Skin Ointment

It is based on the knowledge of seven innovators from six districts: Sabarkanth, Panchmahal, Dang, Mahsana, Patan and Bhavnagar of Gujarat. Herbavate exhibits remarkable properties against eczema and a variety of inflammatory and infectious skin conditions.

Communities: The innovators of Herbavate: 1. Amratbhai Shankarbhai Rawal, Mehsana Gujarat. 2. Kunjubhai Kakadiyabhai Bhoya, Dang Gujarat 3. Pujabhai Dabhi, Sabarkantha, Gujarat 4. Karshanbhai Parmar, Sabarkantha Gujarat 5. Laxmanbhai Pagi, Panchmahal, Gujarat 6. Lilabhai Rawal, Patan Gujarat 7. Lakhabhai Becharbhai Khatana, Bhavnagar Gujarat

Innovator: Bhikhaji Kaluji Solanki

Field Trial Results

•Results indicate that the herbal preparation significantly reduced the grasshopper and larval population (H. armigera and Earias vittella ) in Okra plants.

• Fruit damage in Okra was also controlled by NIF-BKS, which was at par with Chlorpyriphos @ 0.05%.

• Increase of 14 to 69% in number of branches was recorded as compared to control.

• Increase of 8 to 44% in the yield was recorded, maximum @ 40ml/L.

Botanicals for Growth Promotion and Insect Pest Control in Agricultural Crops

Innovator: Jokhu Shah

•NIF-JS (6ml) significantly reduced population of H.armigera as compared to untreated control.

•A reduction of 52% in mealy bug was recorded as compared to untreated control.

•Reduction in fruit damage was recorded with NIF-JS @ 7.5ml/L, followed by 10ml/L dose which was better than the positive control.

•Formulation also increased plant height @ 6 ml/L .

•NIF-JS showed moderate larvicidal effect against Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera larvae under controlled conditions.

Field Trial Results

Herbal preparation for controlling borers in vegetable crops

Innovator: Kodarji Kaluji Pagi

• The trail was conducted on Okra in field conditions and data of plant hoppers, larval (H.armigera and Earias vittella) population and fruit damage was recorded.

•After 48 hours of spray there was significant reduction in the larval population.

• Larval population/plant was 2.25 in untreated and 0.0 in NIF-KKP (25 ml/L) and Chlorpyriphos treated plants.

•The herbal preparation also caused reduction in fruit damage/plant as compared to untreated control.

Field Trial Results

Herbal preparation for controlling pests in paddy, bajra and vegetable crops

g2Ggrassroots to global

Global GIAN – Building a Global Value

Chain for the Augmentation of Green

Grassroots Innovations

Grassroots innovations find global markets …..

Sales made internationally1. Coconut tree climber- USA (Florida, Massachussets, California, Hawaii

etc.) Australia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Mexico, West Indies

2. Pomegranate deseeder - Turkey, USA

3. Garlic peeling machine - Pakistan

4. Arecanut husker - Singapore

5. Milking machine - Phillipines, Uganda, Ethiopia

6. Resin grading machine - Peru

7. Cassava peeling machine - Kenya

8. Herbal growth promoters - Ghana

Product queries:

Sl no. Innovation/product Countires

1 Coconut/palm tree climbing device USA, United Kingdom, Vietnam, Australia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Iran, West Indies

2 Entech oil expeller USA, United Kingdom, Australia, Phillipines, Canada, Kenya, Colombia, S. Africa, Switzerland, Poland, Indonesia, Belgium

3 Garlic peeling machine Slovenia, USA, Turkey, Peru, Singapore, Iran , Venezuela, Pakistan

4 Pomegranate deseeding machine USA, Australia, Turkey, Venezuela, Hongkong, Israel, Netherlands, Thailand, UAE, Iran, United Kingdom

5 Cassava peeling machine Congo, USA, Benin, Nigeria, Kenya, UAE, Uganda

6 Aaruni tilting cart Uganda

7 Coconut defibring machine China

8 Coconut dehusker Mexico, New Zealand, USA, Philippines, Bangladesh

9 Lemon cutting machine S. Africa

10 Milking machine Bangladesh, Uganda, Ecuador

11 Palm leaf mat weaving machine Fiji

12 Rain Gun (Chandraprabha) Sudan

13 Tea making machine Bangladesh,

14 Tile making machine Bangladesh, Kenya, Rwanda, Ghana, Zambia

15 Trench digging machine Pakistan

16 Zero head water turbine Egypt

17 Arecanut dehusking machine Chile

Culturally Alive Indiawww.sristi.org/cultural

Solar Operated Car http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=24

Eco-friendly vehicle http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=27

Bio-bike http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=34

Air-powered car http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=38

Green building design http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=178

Solar Water Heater http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=191

Rain Water Harvesting Umbrella http://techpedia.in/stu_project_detail.php?student_project_id=2

Electricity From Noise Polution http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=258

Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=261

Rider Induced bicycle Mr. Kanak Das, Assam

Bicycle based sprayer Mr. Mansukhbhai Jagani, Gujarat

Bicycle with gear Mr. Jayanti J Patel,Gujarat Bamboo bicycle

Mr. Dodhi Pathak, Assam

Amphibious BicycleMohd. Saidullah, Bihar

Bicycle based mobile spray pumpSubhas Vasantrao Jagtap, Maharastra

Multipurpose Bicycle Md. Kamruddin, Rajasthan

Bicycle operated pump

Mr. Vikram Rathore, AP Bicycle based portable Pump Mr. Nasiruddin Gayen, WB

Bicycle based Innovations

Emerging Models of Innovation

a) Building upon what disadvantaged people are rich in: inability to live with problems unsolved – overcoming inertia

b) Empathetic innovation: samvedana se srijansheelta, kho kho model of innovation (innovation relay)

c) Going beyond long tail, long nose of

innovation to turbulent innovation

d) Inverted model of innovations: children invent, engineers fabricate, and companies commercialize

e) Pooling of distributed ideas for innovation and experimentation : uncommon from common

f) distributed mind management: www.techpedia.in - transcending the limits of frugality

g) Moving blackboards: learning from unexpected quarters

Emerging Models of Innovation

Should accuracy be traded off with affordability?

Should design overtake durability

Should desires be preferred over deserving

Trade-offs in

Inclusive

Development

Rethinking logistics for sustainable future

learning from grassroots innovators

anil k guptaanilg@sristi.org

shall we join hands in learning from grassroots green innovators

fortune really lies at the Top of the innovation, ethical, and value pyramid

thus, poor people are not at the bottom of all pyramids

Minds on the margin are

not marginal minds

anil k gupta National Innovation Foundation, SRISTI, honey bee network, IIMA

www.sristi.org/anilg

www.nifindia.org

How did it happen:

The journey…..

SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH AND INITIATIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTITUTIONS (www.SRISTI.org) info@sristi.org

GRASSROOTS INNOVATION AUGMENTATION NETWORK (www.GIAN.org)

NATIONAL INNOVATION FOUNDATION (www.NIFindia.org) info@nifindia.org

anilg@sristi.org

The Honey Bee Network, an informal global social movement, started in 1987-88,

Creativity counts Knowledge matters

Innovations transform

Incentives inspire (not just individual, but also collective, not just material, but also non-material)

Join the Honey Bee Network!For rewarding indigenous creativity and innovationwww.techpedia.in, www.sristi.org, www.nif.org.in anilgb@gmail.com