Ancient Tamil Nadu.flv.flv

Tamil -Pakthi Movement

Dr. S. SundarabaluVisiting Professor ICCR’s Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental StudiesDept. of IndologyJagiellonian University,Krakow- PolandSunder_balu@yahoo.co.in

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• Tamil literature may broadly be classified into:

(i) Sangam Classics

(ii) Bhakthi or Devotional Literature

(iii) Ethics, and

(iv) Modern Literature

Symbols by the clockwise order: 1. Judaism 2. Christianity 3. Islam 4. Bahá'í 5. Hinduism 6. Taoism 7. Buddhism 8. Sikhism 9. Rodnoveri 10. Celtic paganism (contemporary)

11. Heathenism 12. Semitic paganism (contemporary)

13. Wicca 14. Kemetism 15. Hellenic paganism (contemporary)

16. Roman paganism (contemporary)

List of religions and spiritual traditions

Who am i?

• Did you ever asked this question to yourself?• if no... spend at least 10 minutes to think about it in

pleasant environment... you may get some spark of thought which asks more questions to you... then check below..

• if yes you are at right place to logically, scientifically discuss ,what is soul?, who/what is god?, what he is doing for us?, how can i believe god ?

• http://www.saivasiddhanta.in/qas.html

1.Vedicsaivism vaishnavism

2.Buddhism 3.Jainism

Development of Shaivism

Unlike Brahmin beliefs in Hinduism, which permit only males to participate in the Upanayana or Deeksha ceremonies, both Lingayat men and women participate in these ceremonies in the presence of a satguru. This practice was begun by Basavanna himself, who refused to undergo Upanayana, because it discriminated against women.

• Bhakthi Movement - ORIGIN IN TAMILNADU

• This movement had its origin in the 6thc CE Tamilnadu and the

major participants in this movement a group of saint-poets,

known as the Nayanmars and the Alwars, the former the

devotees of Siva and the latter, the worshippers of Vishnu.

• Both were popular gods in South as well as in North India, and

became the most powerful deities in Tamilnadu.

Complementing this fact is the widespread movement of two

sects- Vaishnavism and Saivism. Their glory was inhibited for

a long time by the two heretical religions-Buddhism and

Jainism.

• In the earlier centuries of TamilNadu, Buddhist

authors and monks enjoyed royal patronage under

the rulers of Kalabhra dynasty. They followed a

religious policy of anti Brahmanism during their

regime. Buddhism and Jainism flourished during

this period.

• They were also intolerant towards the Tamil concepts of literature chiefly the Aham form of poetry and arts like music and drama and the religious beliefs of the inhabitants. At last Kalabhras were defeated by Pandyas, Pallavas, and Chalukyas of Badami ending three hundred years of religious persecution.

• There was an atmosphere of religious harmony before 6th c. C.E. among devotees of Siva, Krishna, Vishnu and others. The situation begins to change and it was reflected in the strong touching bhakti and the expression of a profound hate for Buddhists and Jains.

The Kalabhras dynasty (Tamil: களப்பி�ரர்) ruled over the entire Ancient Tamil country between the 3rd and the 7th century in an era of South Indian history called the Kalabhra interregnum. The Kalabhras, possibly Buddhists, displaced the kingdoms of the early Cholas, early Pandyas and Chera dynasties by a revolt. The Kalabhras put an end to the brahmanadeya rights granted to the brahmans in numerous villages across southern India.

• They engaged in public debates with the Buddhist

and Jain monks which included performance of

miracles. Significantly, the saints started travelling

from temple to temple, singing and dancing with

their devotees. And slowly it became a mass

movement and the activities of Alwars and

of Nayanmars is identified as the Bhakti

movement.

• BHAKTI LITERATURE

• It was only during the period of the later Cholas it

came to be known as Bhakti movement.

Raja Raja Cholan, The Great South Indian Tamil King - 2_5.flv

Raja Raja Cholan - Thanjai periya kOvil.flv

• Bhakti literature means poetry caused by or dealing with a human emotion called Bhakti; it does not simply designate any eulogy or praise as one.

• These poems were canonized in the later periods and played an important role in Vaishnavite and Saivite traditions. Tamil, vernacular language, was used in the bhakti poems in order to speak to the lay man instead of Sanskrit. The bhakti literature produced in Tamilnadu comprises of two important books-

1. Tevaram, 2. Nalayira DivyaPrabandham, con..