Study on Protein Fiber (Silk)

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STUDY ON PROTEIN FIBER

(silk) "If fashion is a fine art, then silk is its biggest canvas,

and if silk is the canvas, then all its weavers, dyers,designers, embroiders are the greatest artists"

Prepared By: Engr. Kazi Zakaria Ahmed

Lecturer, Department of Garments & Textile Engineering

BCMC College of Engineering & Technology, Jessore.E-mail: [email protected]

Contact Info: +88 01925-485428/ +88 01754-424949

mailto:[email protected]

LECTURE-2

11:52:06 AM

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Prepared For:B.Sc. In Textile EngineeringStudents of Garments & Textile Engineering Department

Wednesday, May 3, 2023

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SILKSilk is a fibroin made of proteins secreted in the fluid state as single filament by a caterpillar, popularly known as 'silkworm'.

Silk is a natural protein fiber. Cultivation of cocoons for the filament.Silk filament are 600-1700 m. long. Diameter range from 12-30 micrometer.Fiber length to breadth ratio is 2000:1 It is off-white to yellow in color.


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LIFE CYCLE OF SILK WORM


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TYPES OF SILK

There are four types of natural silk which are commercially known and produced in the world. Among them mulberry silk is the most important and contributes as much as 90 per cent of world production, therefore, the term "silk" in general refers to the silk of the mulberry silkworm. Three other commercially important types fall into the category of non-mulberry silks namely: Eri silk; Tasar silk; and Muga silk. There are also other types of non-mulberry silk, which are mostly wild and exploited in Africa and Asia, are Anaphe silk, Fagara silk, Coan silk, Mussel silk and Spider silk.


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Silk Chemical Structure


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PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF SILK


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FIBROIN 75%

ASH OF SILK FIBROIN 0.5%

SERICIN 22.5%

FAT & WAX 1.5%

MINERAL SALT 0.5%

COMPOSITION OF SILK


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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILK


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PROPERTIES


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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILK

Effect of Acid: Concentrated mineral acids will dissolve silk faster than wool. Organic acids do not harm silk.Effect of Alkalies: Silk is not as sensitive as wool is to alkalies, but it can be damaged if the concentration and the temperature are high enough. Us e mild soap or detergent in lukewarm water whe laundering.Effect of Bleaches: Strong bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite will deteriorate silk.Hydrogen Peroxide or sodium perborate may be used.Effect of Light: Continuous exposure to light weakens silk faster than either cotton or wool. Raw silk is more resistant to light than digammed silk. Resistance to Mildew: Silk may not mildew unless left for some time in a damp state or under the extreme conditions of tropical dampness .Affinity of dyes: Silk has a very good affinity to dyes. It readily absorbs acid, basic and direct dyes. Resistance to Insects: Silk may be attacked by the larvae of cloths moths or carpet beetles and it may be destroyed when blended with wool which is attacked by these insects.


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FIBROIN SERICIN

1. Elastic protein forming the core of silk filament.

Secreted from the posterior part of silk gland.

Not soluble in water.Pigments are

absent.

Gelatinous protein forms the outer coat of silk filament.

Secreted from the middle part of silk gland.

Soluble in water.May contain

pigments.

DIFFERENCES

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THE MAJOR SILK PRODUCING COUNTRIES

The major silk producing countries in the world are; China, India, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, DPR Korea, Iran, etc. Few other countries are also engaged in the production of cocoons and raw silk in negligible quantities; Kenya, Botswana, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, Japan, Nepal, Bulgaria, Turkey, Uganda, Malaysia, Romania, Bolivia, etc.


THE MAJOR SILK CONSUMERS The major silk consumers of the world

are; USA, Italy, Japan, India, France, China, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, UAE, Korea, Viet Nam, etc.


GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION (M. TON)


PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK ACROSS ASIA (M.TON)


END USES


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Study on Protein Fiber (Silk)