Stem Structure and Stem Structure and Function Function

1.1. Stem Have Three Stem Have Three Important Tasks: Important Tasks: To support leaves, To support leaves,

branches and branches and flowers. flowers.

Hold them up in the Hold them up in the sunlight. sunlight.

They transfer They transfer substances between substances between roots and leaves. roots and leaves.

The Different Stems and The Different Stems and Tissue TypesTissue Types

1.1. Different Tissue Types: Different Tissue Types: - - Vascular TissueVascular Tissue: Conducts water, : Conducts water, nutrients and other compounds up nutrients and other compounds up and down the plant. and down the plant. - - Xylem and Phloem Tissues: Xylem and Phloem Tissues: form form continuous tubes from the roots to continuous tubes from the roots to the stems and to the leaves. the stems and to the leaves.

2. Different Stems:2. Different Stems:--Monocot Stems:Monocot Stems: when vascular when vascular bundles are scattered throughout bundles are scattered throughout the stem. The epidermis encloses the stem. The epidermis encloses vascular bundles. vascular bundles. - - Dicot Stems:Dicot Stems: The Vascular The Vascular bundles are arranged in a cylinder. bundles are arranged in a cylinder.

The Monocot and Dicot are two types of The Monocot and Dicot are two types of stems on flowers stems on flowers

The Different Types of The Different Types of Stem GrowthsStem Growths

1.1. Primary Growth:Primary Growth:- This is a type of growth only - This is a type of growth only occurring at the ends of stems. occurring at the ends of stems. - Is made by cell division and - Is made by cell division and takes place in the apical takes place in the apical meristem. meristem. -The length of the stem!-The length of the stem!

2. Secondary Growth:2. Secondary Growth:- Is a pattern of growth in which a - Is a pattern of growth in which a stem/ plant increases in width. stem/ plant increases in width. - This takes place in lateral - This takes place in lateral meristematic tissues called the meristematic tissues called the vascular cambium or cork vascular cambium or cork cambium. cambium. - Thickness of a stem!- Thickness of a stem!

Stems Adapted for Stems Adapted for Storage and Dormancy Storage and Dormancy

Tuber Stem:Tuber Stem: A stem usually A stem usually grown underground that stores grown underground that stores food. food.

Bulb Stem:Bulb Stem: This is made up of This is made up of a central stem surrounded by a central stem surrounded by short, thick leaves.short, thick leaves.

Corm Stem: Corm Stem: This looks similar This looks similar to a bulb but contains a to a bulb but contains a thickened stem and has a thickened stem and has a covering that consists of covering that consists of leaves. leaves.

Rhizome Stem:Rhizome Stem: This is a stem This is a stem of a ginger and it is a horizontal of a ginger and it is a horizontal underground stem. underground stem.

Works CitedWorks Cited

File:Oca.jpgFile:Oca.jpg. Photograph. . Photograph. Wikipedia.orgWikipedia.org. 24 Jan. 2010. . 24 Jan. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oca.jpg>.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oca.jpg>.

Photograph. Photograph. File:Stem Nodes.jpgFile:Stem Nodes.jpg. 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 . 9 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. Mar. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stem_nodes.jpg>.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stem_nodes.jpg>.

Photograph. Photograph. Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants. 2002. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. . 2002. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summari<http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Summaries/FloweringPlants.htm>.es/FloweringPlants.htm>.

Photograph. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. Photograph. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. <http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/212L/New<http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/212L/New%20Site/25rtstm%20index.html>.%20Site/25rtstm%20index.html>.